Abstract
The genus Phytophthora consists of notorious and emerging pathogens of economically important crops. Each Phytophthora genome encodes several hundreds of cytoplasmic effectors, which are believed to manipulate plant immune response inside the host cells. However, the majority of Phytophthora effectors remain functionally uncharacterized. We recently discovered two effectors from the soybean stem and root rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae with the activity to suppress RNA silencing in plants. These effectors are designated Phytophthora suppressor of RNA silencing (PSRs). Here, we report that the P. sojae PSR2 (PsPSR2) belongs to a conserved and widespread effector family in Phytophthora. A PsPSR2-like effector produced by P. infestans (PiPSR2) can also suppress RNA silencing in plants and promote Phytophthora infection, suggesting that the PSR2 family effectors have conserved functions in plant hosts. Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy roots induction, we demonstrated that the expression of PsPSR2 rendered hypersusceptibility of soybean to P. sojae. Enhanced susceptibility was also observed in PsPSR2-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants during Phytophthora but not bacterial infection. These experiments provide strong evidence that PSR2 is a conserved Phytophthora effector family that performs important virulence functions specifically during Phytophthora infection of various plant hosts.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PsPSR2 belongs to a conserved and widespread effector family in Phytophthora.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora
Phytophthorae1pathogen - Gene
- PsPSR2e1
- Outcome
- effector familye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infection in Soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“Here, we report that the P. sojae PSR2 (PsPSR2) belongs to a conserved and widespread effector family in Phytophthora”
Claim · model-written summary
PiPSR2 from P. infestans can suppress RNA silencing in plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse2pathogen - Gene
- PiPSR2e2
- Outcome
- suppress RNA silencinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infection in Soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“A PsPSR2-like effector produced by P. infestans (PiPSR2) can also suppress RNA silencing in plants and promote Phytophthora infection, suggesting that the PSR2 family effectors have conserved functions in plant hosts”
Claim · model-written summary
PiPSR2 from P. infestans can promote Phytophthora infection of plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Gene
- PiPSR2e2
- Outcome
- promote Phytophthora infectione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infection in Soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“A PsPSR2-like effector produced by P. infestans (PiPSR2) can also suppress RNA silencing in plants and promote Phytophthora infection, suggesting that the PSR2 family effectors have conserved functions in plant hosts”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of PsPSR2 rendered soybean hypersusceptible to P. sojae.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- expression of PsPSR2e3
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- hypersusceptibilitye3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infection in Soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana”
e3“Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy roots induction, we demonstrated that the expression of PsPSR2 rendered hypersusceptibility of soybean to P. sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
PsPSR2-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana showed enhanced susceptibility during Phytophthora infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae4 - Treatment
- PsPSR2-expressinge4
- Interactor
- PhytophthoraPhytophthorae4pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye4
- Direction
- Enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infection in Soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana”
e4“Enhanced susceptibility was also observed in PsPSR2-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants during Phytophthora but not bacterial infection”
Claim · model-written summary
PsPSR2-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana showed no enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae4
- Treatment
- PsPSR2-expressinge4
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye4
- Qualifier
- but not bacterial infectione4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infection in Soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana”
e4“Enhanced susceptibility was also observed in PsPSR2-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants during Phytophthora but not bacterial infection”
Claim · model-written summary
PSR2 is a conserved Phytophthora effector family with virulence functions specifically during Phytophthora infection of plant hosts.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- PhytophthoraPhytophthorae5pathogen
- Outcome
- virulence functionse5
- Qualifier
- specifically during Phytophthora infectione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infection in Soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana”
e5“These experiments provide strong evidence that PSR2 is a conserved Phytophthora effector family that performs important virulence functions specifically during Phytophthora infection of various plant hosts”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Phytophthora sojae · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.