Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key cellular components that mediate extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Genome mining revealed that Phytophthora spp. have over 60 GPCR genes among which a prominent class of 12 encoding novel proteins with an N-terminal GPCR domain fused to a C-terminal phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) domain. This study focuses on two GPCR-PIPKs (GKs) in Phytophthora sojae. PsGK4 and PsGK5 are differentially expressed during the life cycle with the highest expression in cysts and during cyst germination, and at late infection stages. In P. sojae transformants that constitutively express RFP-tagged PsGK4 and PsGK5, the fusion proteins in hyphae reside in small, rapidly moving vesicular-like structures. Functional analysis using gene silencing showed that PsGK4-silenced transformants displayed higher levels of encystment and a reduced cyst germination rate when compared with the recipient strain. Moreover, GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots. In contrast, PsGK5-silenced transformants exhibited no obvious defects in asexual development but oospore production was severely impaired. Both, PsGK4- and PsGK5-silenced transformants showed reduced pathogenicity. These results point to involvement of GKs in zoospore behaviour, chemotaxis and oospore development, and suggest that PsGK4 and PsGK5 each head independent signalling pathways.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing PsGK4 increased encystment of Phytophthora sojae compared with the recipient strain.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Treatment
- PsGK4-silenced transformantse1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PsGK4e1
- Outcome
- encystmente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- recipient straine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“PsGK4-silenced transformants displayed higher levels of encystment and a reduced cyst germination rate when compared with the recipient strain”
e2“GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots”
t0“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing PsGK4 reduced the cyst germination rate of Phytophthora sojae compared with the recipient strain.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- PsGK4-silenced transformantse1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PsGK4e1
- Outcome
- cyst germination ratee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- recipient straine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“PsGK4-silenced transformants displayed higher levels of encystment and a reduced cyst germination rate when compared with the recipient strain”
e2“GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots”
t0“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
GK4 deficiency caused severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis of Phytophthora sojae towards isoflavones and soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- GK4 deficiencye2
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaet0pathogen
- Gene
- GK4e2
- Outcome
- zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean rootse2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots”
t0“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing PsGK5 caused no obvious defects in asexual development of Phytophthora sojae.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- PsGK5-silenced transformantse3
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PsGK5e3
- Outcome
- asexual developmente3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“PsGK5-silenced transformants exhibited no obvious defects in asexual development but oospore production was severely impaired”
e2“GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots”
t0“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing PsGK5 severely impaired oospore production of Phytophthora sojae.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- PsGK5-silenced transformantse3
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PsGK5e3
- Outcome
- oospore productione3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“PsGK5-silenced transformants exhibited no obvious defects in asexual development but oospore production was severely impaired”
e2“GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots”
t0“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing both PsGK4 and PsGK5 reduced the pathogenicity of Phytophthora sojae on soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- PsGK4- and PsGK5-silenced transformantse4
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Both, PsGK4- and PsGK5-silenced transformants showed reduced pathogenicity”
e2“GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots”
t0“Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
PsGK4 and PsGK5 of Phytophthora sojae show their highest expression in cysts.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- cystse5
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PsGK4 and PsGK5e5
- Outcome
- highest expressione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“PsGK4 and PsGK5 are differentially expressed during the life cycle with the highest expression in cysts and during cyst germination, and at late infection stages”
e2“GK4 deficiency (or reduction) resulted in severe defects in zoospore chemotaxis towards isoflavones and soybean roots”
t0“Phytophthora sojae”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Phytophthora sojae · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.