Abstract
Seed dormancy has hampered previous efforts to study Helianthus sp. and to use them in breeding programs for improving the cultivated sunflower, H. annuus L. Several seed treatments were tested to determine their effectiveness in overcoming the strong seed dormancy found in many wild Helianthus sp. The first treatment (referred to as the complete treatment) involved mechanical scarification of the seed, a 1 h soak in a 100 mg/L solution of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), plus hull removal. Other treatments were simplifications of this procedure, and three whole seed treatments using GA 3 or ethylene. The results indiicate that treatments which removed the hull and seed coat were the most effective, giving germination of over 90% for many species including the hard‐to‐germinate annual desert species. Soaking scarified seeds for 1 h in a 100 mg/L GA9 solution increased germination for some accessions. Soaking whole seeds in 100 mg/L GA 3 for 1 h or 50 mg/L 2‐chloroethylphosphonie acid for 16 h did not increase germination. Incubating whole seeds for 10 days in either 100 or 1000 mg/L GA 3 increased germination but produced abnormal plants. The complete treatment is recommended despite its complexity because it gives a high germination percentage and varies least from accession to accession.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the hull and seed coat gave over 90% germination for many wild Helianthus species.
- Taxon
- Helianthus
Helianthust0 - Treatment
- removed the hull and seed coate0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- over 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments which removed the hull and seed coat were the most effective, giving germination of over 90% for many species including the hard‐to‐germinate annual desert species.”
t0“Wild Helianthus Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A one-hour 100 mg/L GA9 soak increased germination for some scarified-seed accessions.
- Taxon
- HelianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- Soaking scarified seeds for 1 h in a 100 mg/L GA9 solutione0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- some accessionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking scarified seeds for 1 h in a 100 mg/L GA9 solution increased germination for some accessions.”
t0“Wild Helianthus Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A one-hour 100 mg/L GA3 soak of whole seeds did not increase germination.
- Taxon
- HelianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- Soaking whole seeds in 100 mg/L GA 3 for 1 he0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking whole seeds in 100 mg/L GA 3 for 1 h or 50 mg/L 2‐chloroethylphosphonie acid for 16 h did not increase germination.”
t0“Wild Helianthus Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16-hour 50 mg/L 2-chloroethylphosphonie acid soak did not increase whole-seed germination.
- Taxon
- HelianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- 50 mg/L 2‐chloroethylphosphonie acid for 16 he0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking whole seeds in 100 mg/L GA 3 for 1 h or 50 mg/L 2‐chloroethylphosphonie acid for 16 h did not increase germination.”
t0“Wild Helianthus Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-day incubation of whole seeds in either 100 or 1000 mg/L GA3 increased germination.
- Taxon
- HelianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- 100 or 1000 mg/L GA 3e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incubating whole seeds for 10 days in either 100 or 1000 mg/L GA 3 increased germination but produced abnormal plants.”
t0“Wild Helianthus Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-day GA3 incubation produced abnormal plants.
- Taxon
- HelianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- 100 or 1000 mg/L GA 3e0
- Outcome
- abnormal plantse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incubating whole seeds for 10 days in either 100 or 1000 mg/L GA 3 increased germination but produced abnormal plants.”
t0“Wild Helianthus Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the complete treatment for high and consistent germination across accessions.
- Taxon
- HelianthusHelianthust0
- Outcome
- The complete treatmente0
- Qualifier
- high germination percentage and varies least from accession to accessione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The complete treatment is recommended despite its complexity because it gives a high germination percentage and varies least from accession to accession.”
t0“Wild Helianthus Seeds”
The same questions in other papers
application · growth · Helianthus (sunflowers)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.