Abstract
Pastures at Glenormiston in western Victoria, sown with Phalaris tuberosa cv. Australian (phalaris) or Lolium perenne cv. Victorian (ryegrass) each with Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover), were grazed continuously by wethers at six rates of stocking over the range 19.8 to 32.1 sheep ha-1 from October 1966 to March 1971. Pasture growth was measured at three rates of stocking. During a four-year period, the phalaris and ryegrass pastures produced average annual yields of 10.4 and 8.0 t dry matter ha-1 respectively. The growth of phalaris pasture was usually greater in winter when it produced approximately 30 per cent more dry matter than ryegrass pasture. The effect of rate of stocking on pasture growth was rarely significant except in the final six months of the experiment when there was a reduction in growth rate as stocking rate increased. The basal cover of phalaris declined in the two years after a drought in 1967-68 to about 20 per cent irrespective of stocking rate. The basal cover of ryegrass also declined during this period, to a greater extent than phalaris, but in 1969 and 1970 there was some recovery at the lower stocking rates when the ryegrass was able to set seed. The basal cover of subterranean clover was about 20 per cent at 19.8 sheep ha-1 in most years and usually less at the higher stocking rates. The main species that replaced the sown species were Poa annua, Trifolium cernuum, Trifolium glomerata, Arctotheca calendula and Holcus lanatus. The amount of pasture present above a cutting height of 1.5 cm was less than 2 t ha-1 during most of the experiment and decreased as rate of stocking increased. The crude protein concentration of pasture present was always greater than 11 per cent except during the drought in 1967-68, when it fell as low as 5.2 per cent on the ryegrass pastures and to half this level on the phalaris pastures.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Phalaris and ryegrass pastures produced average annual yields of 10.4 and 8.0 t dry matter ha-1 respectively over four years.
- Taxon
- Phalaris tuberosa
Phalaris aquaticat0 - Material
- cv. Australiane0
- Outcome
- average annual yieldse1
- Value
- 10.4 and 8.0 t dry matter ha-1e1
- Setting
- Glenormiston in western Victoriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e0“Pastures at Glenormiston in western Victoria, sown with Phalaris tuberosa cv. Australian (phalaris) or Lolium perenne cv. Victorian (ryegrass) each with Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover)”
e1“During a four-year period, the phalaris and ryegrass pastures produced average annual yields of 10.4 and 8.0 t dry matter ha-1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Phalaris pasture growth was usually greater in winter, producing about 30 per cent more dry matter than ryegrass pasture.
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- approximately 30 per cente2
- Comparator
- ryegrass pasturee2
- Setting
- in wintere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The growth of phalaris pasture was usually greater in winter when it produced approximately 30 per cent more dry matter than ryegrass pasture”
Claim · model-written summary
Stocking rate rarely had a significant effect on pasture growth.
- Taxon
- Phalaris tuberosaPhalaris aquaticat0
- Treatment
- rate of stockinge3
- Outcome
- effect of rate of stocking on pasture growthe3
- Qualifier
- rarely significante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e3“The effect of rate of stocking on pasture growth was rarely significant except in the final six months of the experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pasture growth rate fell as stocking rate increased in the final six months of the experiment.
- Taxon
- Phalaris tuberosaPhalaris aquaticat0
- Treatment
- stocking ratee3
- Outcome
- growth ratee3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Setting
- the final six months of the experimente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e3“The effect of rate of stocking on pasture growth was rarely significant except in the final six months of the experiment when there was a reduction in growth rate as stocking rate increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal cover of phalaris declined to about 20 per cent in the two years after the 1967-68 drought, irrespective of stocking rate.
- Outcome
- basal covere4
- Direction
- declinede4
- Value
- about 20 per cente4
- Qualifier
- irrespective of stocking ratee4
- Setting
- in the two years after a drought in 1967-68e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e4“The basal cover of phalaris declined in the two years after a drought in 1967-68 to about 20 per cent irrespective of stocking rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass basal cover declined to a greater extent than phalaris basal cover during the drought period.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennet0 - Outcome
- basal covere5
- Direction
- declinede5
- Qualifier
- to a greater extente5
- Comparator
- phalarise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e5“The basal cover of ryegrass also declined during this period, to a greater extent than phalaris, but in 1969 and 1970 there was some recovery at the lower stocking rates when the ryegrass was able to set seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Some recovery of ryegrass occurred in 1969 and 1970 at lower stocking rates, when the ryegrass was able to set seed.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- lower stocking ratese5
- Outcome
- some recoverye5
- Qualifier
- when the ryegrass was able to set seede5
- Setting
- in 1969 and 1970e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e5“The basal cover of ryegrass also declined during this period, to a greater extent than phalaris, but in 1969 and 1970 there was some recovery at the lower stocking rates when the ryegrass was able to set seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal cover of subterranean clover was about 20 per cent at 19.8 sheep ha-1 in most years and usually less at higher stocking rates.
- Taxon
- subterranean clover
Trifolium subterraneume6 - Outcome
- basal covere6
- Direction
- usually lesse6
- Value
- about 20 per cente6
- Qualifier
- at 19.8 sheep ha-1 in most yearse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pastures at Glenormiston in western Victoria, sown with Phalaris tuberosa cv. Australian (phalaris) or Lolium perenne cv. Victorian (ryegrass) each with Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover)”
e6“The basal cover of subterranean clover was about 20 per cent at 19.8 sheep ha-1 in most years and usually less at the higher stocking rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Poa annua, Trifolium cernuum, Trifolium glomerata, Arctotheca calendula and Holcus lanatus were the main species that replaced the sown species.
- Outcome
- main species that replaced the sown speciese7
- Qualifier
- Trifolium cernuum, Trifolium glomerata, Arctotheca calendula and Holcus lanatuse7
Poa annuaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The main species that replaced the sown species were Poa annua, Trifolium cernuum, Trifolium glomerata, Arctotheca calendula and Holcus lanatus”
Claim · model-written summary
Pasture above a 1.5 cm cutting height was less than 2 t ha-1 during most of the experiment and decreased as stocking rate increased.
- Taxon
- Phalaris tuberosaPhalaris aquaticat0
- Treatment
- rate of stockinge7
- Outcome
- amount of pasture present above a cutting height of 1.5 cme7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- less than 2 t ha-1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e7“The amount of pasture present above a cutting height of 1.5 cm was less than 2 t ha-1 during most of the experiment and decreased as rate of stocking increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentration of pasture present was always above 11 per cent except during the 1967-68 drought.
- Taxon
- Phalaris tuberosaPhalaris aquaticat0
- Outcome
- crude protein concentratione6
- Value
- greater than 11 per cente6
- Qualifier
- except during the drought in 1967-68e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e6“The crude protein concentration of pasture present was always greater than 11 per cent except during the drought in 1967-68, when it fell as low as 5.2 per cent on the ryegrass pastures and to half this level on the phalaris pastures”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentration fell as low as 5.2 per cent on ryegrass pastures during the 1967-68 drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- the drought in 1967-68e6
- Outcome
- crude protein concentratione6
- Direction
- felle6
- Value
- 5.2 per cente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e6“The crude protein concentration of pasture present was always greater than 11 per cent except during the drought in 1967-68, when it fell as low as 5.2 per cent on the ryegrass pastures and to half this level on the phalaris pastures”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentration on phalaris pastures fell to half the pre-drought level during the 1967-68 drought.
- Taxon
- Phalaris tuberosaPhalaris aquaticat0
- Treatment
- the drought in 1967-68e6
- Outcome
- crude protein concentratione6
- Direction
- felle6
- Value
- half this levele6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pastures sown with Phalaris tuberosa or Lolium perenne”
e6“The crude protein concentration of pasture present was always greater than 11 per cent except during the drought in 1967-68, when it fell as low as 5.2 per cent on the ryegrass pastures and to half this level on the phalaris pastures”