Abstract
The bimodal distribution of growth of cool‐season grass species generates an imbalance in the amount of forage available during the summer, which could be improved by using alternative forage species. Several chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) and plantain ( Plantago lanceolata L.) cultivars were evaluated for such purpose and contrasted against ‘Pennlate’ orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) under different grazing strategies in two experiments during 3 yr. In Exp. 1, ‘Grasslands Puna’ chicory and Pennlate orchardgrass achieved similar dry matter (DM) yields during spring (6500 vs. 7250 kg DM ha −1 , respectively) and summer (3350 vs. 3900 kg DM ha −1 , respectively). Between plantain cultivars, yields similar to Pennlate orchardgrass were achieved by ‘Grasslands Lancelot’ (7350 kg DM ha −1 ) in spring and by ‘Ceres Tonic’ (3150 kg DM ha −1 ) in summer. Grazing every 3 wk vs. 5 wk reduced DM yield in summer (1650 vs. 4450 kg DM ha −1 , P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, spring DM yields of Puna chicory were greater than those of Pennlate orchardgrass (5750 vs. 3600 kg DM ha −1 , average yield over years; P < 0.05). In summer, DM yield of Puna chicory relative to that of Pennlate orchardgrass varied between years. Yield of Lancelot plantain decreased during 2000 and 2001 following decreases in plant density. Our results suggest that most cultivars tested may not increase forage availability during the summer, which may be related to plant density losses. Of all cultivars, Puna chicory appeared as the most promising. Due to very low plant survival, the plantain cultivars tested may not be appropriate for perennial pastures in northeastern USA.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Puna chicory had spring yield similar to Pennlate orchardgrass.
- Taxon
- chicory
Cichorium intybuse0 - Material
- ‘Grasslands Puna’e0
- Outcome
- dry matter (DM) yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 6500e0
- Qualifier
- 7250 kg DM ha −1e0
- Comparator
- Pennlate orchardgrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Grasslands Puna’ chicory and Pennlate orchardgrass achieved similar dry matter (DM) yields during spring (6500 vs. 7250 kg DM ha −1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Puna chicory had summer yield similar to Pennlate orchardgrass.
- Taxon
- chicoryCichorium intybuse0
- Material
- ‘Grasslands Puna’e0
- Outcome
- dry matter (DM) yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 3350e0
- Qualifier
- 3900 kg DM ha −1e0
- Comparator
- Pennlate orchardgrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Grasslands Puna’ chicory and Pennlate orchardgrass achieved similar dry matter (DM) yields during spring (6500 vs. 7250 kg DM ha −1 , respectively) and summer (3350 vs. 3900 kg DM ha −1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lancelot plantain reached orchardgrass-like spring yield.
- Material
- ‘Grasslands Lancelot’e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 7350 kg DM ha −1e0
- Comparator
- Pennlate orchardgrasse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“yields similar to Pennlate orchardgrass were achieved by ‘Grasslands Lancelot’ (7350 kg DM ha −1 ) in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceres Tonic plantain reached orchardgrass-like summer yield.
- Material
- ‘Ceres Tonic’e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 3150 kg DM ha −1e0
- Comparator
- Pennlate orchardgrasse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“yields similar to Pennlate orchardgrass were achieved by ‘Grasslands Lancelot’ (7350 kg DM ha −1 ) in spring and by ‘Ceres Tonic’ (3150 kg DM ha −1 ) in summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing every three weeks reduced summer dry matter yield compared with every five weeks.
- Treatment
- Grazing every 3 wke0
- Outcome
- DM yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1650e0
- Qualifier
- 4450 kg DM ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 5 wke0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Grazing every 3 wk vs. 5 wk reduced DM yield in summer (1650 vs. 4450 kg DM ha −1 , P < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Puna chicory spring yield exceeded Pennlate orchardgrass in experiment two.
- Taxon
- chicoryCichorium intybuse0
- Material
- Punae0
- Outcome
- spring DM yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 5750e0
- Qualifier
- 3600 kg DM ha −1e0
- Comparator
- Pennlate orchardgrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring DM yields of Puna chicory were greater than those of Pennlate orchardgrass (5750 vs. 3600 kg DM ha −1 , average yield over years; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Puna chicory summer yield relative to orchardgrass varied by year.
- Taxon
- chicoryCichorium intybuse0
- Material
- Punae0
- Outcome
- DM yielde0
- Direction
- variede0
- Comparator
- Pennlate orchardgrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In summer, DM yield of Puna chicory relative to that of Pennlate orchardgrass varied between years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lancelot plantain yield decreased in 2000 and 2001 as density decreased.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of Lancelot plantain decreased during 2000 and 2001 following decreases in plant density.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most cultivars may not improve summer forage availability.
- Outcome
- forage availability during the summere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“most cultivars tested may not increase forage availability during the summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Puna chicory appeared most promising.
- Taxon
- chicoryCichorium intybuse0
- Material
- Punae0
- Outcome
- most promisinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Puna chicory appeared as the most promising.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantain cultivars may be unsuitable for perennial pastures in northeastern USA because of low survival.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupe0
- Outcome
- may not be appropriate for perennial pasturese0
- Qualifier
- very low plant survivale0
- Setting
- northeastern USAe0
Verbatim
e0“Due to very low plant survival, the plantain cultivars tested may not be appropriate for perennial pastures in northeastern USA.”