Abstract
The cambium in black locust consists of several layers of cells at all times. Cambial reactivation (division) is preceded by a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening but not by cell enlargement. During the resumption of cambial activity, periclinal divisions occur throughout the cambial zone. Early divisions contribute largely to the phloem side. The period of greatest cambial activity coincides with early wood formation. Judged by numerous collections made during two seasons (October, 1960‐October, 1962) the seasonal cycle of phloem development is as follows. Phloem differentiation begins in early April, ends in late September. The amount of phloem produced is quite variable (range: 1‐10 bands of sieve elements per year). Cessation of function begins with the accumulation of definitive callose in the first‐formed sieve elements and spreads to those more recently formed. By late November all but the last‐formed sieve elements are collapsed. All sieve elements are collapsed by mid‐winter and before the resumption of new phloem production in spring. Phloem differentiation precedes xylem differentiation by at least 1 week, and apparently functional sieve elements are present 3 weeks before new functional vessel elements. Xylem and phloem production ends simultaneously in most trees.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Black locust cambium has several cell layers throughout the year.
- Taxon
- black locust
Robinia pseudoacaciae0 - Organ / stage
- cambiume0
- Outcome
- several layers of cells at all timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cambium in black locust consists of several layers of cells at all times.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cambial reactivation follows reduced protoplast density and cell wall thickening, without cell enlargement.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- cambial celle0
- Outcome
- Cambial reactivation (division)e0
- Qualifier
- a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening but not by cell enlargemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cambial reactivation (division) is preceded by a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening but not by cell enlargement.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Periclinal divisions occur throughout the cambial zone when cambial activity resumes.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- cambial zonee0
- Outcome
- periclinal divisions occur throughout the cambial zonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the resumption of cambial activity, periclinal divisions occur throughout the cambial zone.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Early divisions contribute largely to the phloem side.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- phloeme0
- Outcome
- Early divisions contribute largely to the phloem sidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early divisions contribute largely to the phloem side.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Greatest cambial activity coincides with early wood formation.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- early woode0
- Outcome
- greatest cambial activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The period of greatest cambial activity coincides with early wood formation.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem differentiates from early April to late September.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- Phloeme0
- Outcome
- Phloem differentiatione0
- Qualifier
- early April, ends in late Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phloem differentiation begins in early April, ends in late September.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual phloem production varied from 1 to 10 sieve element bands.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- phloeme0
- Outcome
- amount of phloem producede0
- Value
- 1‐10 bands of sieve elements per yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of phloem produced is quite variable (range: 1‐10 bands of sieve elements per year).”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of sieve element function begins with definitive callose in the first formed elements and spreads to newer ones.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- sieve elementse0
- Outcome
- Cessation of functione0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of definitive callosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cessation of function begins with the accumulation of definitive callose in the first‐formed sieve elements and spreads to those more recently formed.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
By late November only the last formed sieve elements remain uncollapsed.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- sieve elementse0
- Outcome
- all but the last‐formed sieve elements are collapsede0
- Qualifier
- By late Novembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By late November all but the last‐formed sieve elements are collapsed.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
All sieve elements collapse by midwinter before spring phloem production resumes.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Organ / stage
- sieve elementse0
- Outcome
- All sieve elements are collapsede0
- Qualifier
- by mid‐winter and before the resumption of new phloem production in springe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All sieve elements are collapsed by mid‐winter and before the resumption of new phloem production in spring.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem differentiation precedes xylem differentiation by at least one week.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- Phloem differentiatione0
- Direction
- precedese0
- Value
- at least 1 weeke0
- Comparator
- xylem differentiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phloem differentiation precedes xylem differentiation by at least 1 week”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparently functional sieve elements appear three weeks before new functional vessel elements.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- functional sieve elements are presente0
- Value
- 3 weekse0
- Qualifier
- apparentlye0
- Comparator
- new functional vessel elementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apparently functional sieve elements are present 3 weeks before new functional vessel elements.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem and phloem production ends simultaneously in most trees.
- Taxon
- ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIARobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- Xylem and phloem production ends simultaneouslye0
- Qualifier
- most treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Xylem and phloem production ends simultaneously in most trees.”
t0“ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA”