Paper · 2012 · Planta Daninha

The effects of pigweed redroot (Amaranthus retoflexus) weed competition and its economic thresholds in corn (Zea mays)

F. Vazin

8
claims
17
verbatim quotes
20
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the economic damage threshold of Pigweed redroot for corn regarding its density. An experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research station of Islamic Azad University branch of Gonabad during 2006. The experiment was carried out as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the experiments, the factors included corn (var. 704) densities of 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5 plants m-2 and pigweed redroot densities of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants m-2. The increase in Pigweed redroot density, decrease in crop grain and biomass yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per row, row number, grain number in ear, grain yield and biological yield of corn, decreased. Also, with an increase in corn density, the number of grain per rows, row number, grain yield and biological yield of corn increased. The economic thresholds density of Pigweed redroot was 0.09 to 0.13 plants m-2 in corn different densities, and increased with corn density increases.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing redroot pigweed density decreased corn grain yield.

Treatment
Pigweed redroot densitye1
Interactor
Pigweed redroote1weed
Outcome
grain yielde1
Direction
decreasede1
Setting
Agriculture Research station of Islamic Azad University branch of Gonabade4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The increase in Pigweed redroot density, decrease in crop grain and biomass yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per row, row number, grain number in ear, grain yield and biological yield of corn, decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 511–748 · show in text ↑
e4

“An experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research station of Islamic Azad University branch of Gonabad during 2006”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 120–240 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing redroot pigweed density decreased corn biological yield.

Treatment
Pigweed redroot densitye1
Interactor
Pigweed redroote1weed
Outcome
biological yielde1
Direction
decreasede1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The increase in Pigweed redroot density, decrease in crop grain and biomass yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per row, row number, grain number in ear, grain yield and biological yield of corn, decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 511–748 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing redroot pigweed density decreased corn ear length and ear diameter.

Treatment
Pigweed redroot densitye1
Interactor
Pigweed redroote1weed
Outcome
ear length, ear diametere1
Direction
decreasede1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The increase in Pigweed redroot density, decrease in crop grain and biomass yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per row, row number, grain number in ear, grain yield and biological yield of corn, decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 511–748 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing redroot pigweed density decreased corn grains per row, row number and grain number in ear.

Treatment
Pigweed redroot densitye1
Interactor
Pigweed redroote1weed
Outcome
number of grains per row, row number, grain number in eare1
Direction
decreasede1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The increase in Pigweed redroot density, decrease in crop grain and biomass yield components such as ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per row, row number, grain number in ear, grain yield and biological yield of corn, decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 511–748 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing corn density increased corn grain yield and biological yield.

Treatment
corn densitye2
Outcome
grain yield and biological yield of corne2
Direction
increasede2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“Also, with an increase in corn density, the number of grain per rows, row number, grain yield and biological yield of corn increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 750–882 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing corn density increased the number of grains per row and row number.

Treatment
corn densitye2
Outcome
number of grain per rows, row numbere2
Direction
increasede2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“Also, with an increase in corn density, the number of grain per rows, row number, grain yield and biological yield of corn increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 750–882 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The economic threshold density of redroot pigweed in corn was 0.09 to 0.13 plants m-2.

Interactor
Pigweed redroote3weed
Outcome
economic thresholds densitye3
Value
0.09 to 0.13 plants m-2e3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“The economic thresholds density of Pigweed redroot was 0.09 to 0.13 plants m-2 in corn different densities, and increased with corn density increases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–1033 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The economic threshold density of redroot pigweed increased with corn density.

Treatment
corn densitye3
Interactor
Pigweed redroote3weed
Outcome
economic thresholds densitye3
Direction
increasede3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“The economic thresholds density of Pigweed redroot was 0.09 to 0.13 plants m-2 in corn different densities, and increased with corn density increases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–1033 · show in text ↑
t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–117 · show in text ↑