Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be potential agents for biological control of plant pathogens, while their combined use with conventional pesticides may increase their efficacy and broaden the disease control spectrum. The effect of four different Bacillus sp. PGPR strains (B. subtilis GB03 and FZB24, B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a and B. pumilus SE34) applied individually and in mixtures, as well as in combined use with acibezolar-S-methyl (ASM) and hymexazol, on plant growth promotion and on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) of tomato was evaluated. RESULTS: All PGPR strains promoted the tested plant growth characteristics significantly. A higher promoting effect was provided by SE34. Experiments on population dynamics of PGPR strains revealed that, after 28 days of incubation, populations of strain SE34 remained stable, while the remaining bacterial strains showed a slight decline in their population densities. The GB03 and FZB24 strains provided a higher disease suppression when applied individually. However, application of IN937a in a mixture with GB03 provided a higher control efficacy of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl). Treatment of tomato plants with ASM resulted in a small reduction in disease index, while application of hymexazol provided significantly higher control efficacy. Combined applications of the four PGPR strains with either ASM or hymexazol were significantly more effective. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that, when bacilli PGPR strains were combined with pesticides, there was an increased suppression of Forl on tomato plants, and thus they may prove to be important components in FCRR integrated management.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
All four PGPR strains significantly promoted tested tomato growth characteristics.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- PGPR strainse0
- Interactor
- PGPR strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth characteristicse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All PGPR strains promoted the tested plant growth characteristics significantly.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SE34 had a higher growth promoting effect on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SE34e0
- Interactor
- SE34e0symbiont
- Outcome
- promoting effecte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher promoting effect was provided by SE34.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SE34 populations remained stable after 28 days of incubation in the tomato study.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- SE34e0symbiont
- Outcome
- populations of strain SE34e0
- Direction
- remained stablee0
- Value
- 28 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 28 days of incubation, populations of strain SE34 remained stable”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The other PGPR strains declined slightly in population density after incubation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- bacterial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- population densitiese0
- Direction
- slight declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the remaining bacterial strains showed a slight decline in their population densities”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GB03 individually provided higher tomato disease suppression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GB03e0
- Interactor
- GB03e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease suppressione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GB03 and FZB24 strains provided a higher disease suppression when applied individually.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
FZB24 individually provided higher tomato disease suppression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- FZB24e0
- Interactor
- FZB24e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease suppressione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GB03 and FZB24 strains provided a higher disease suppression when applied individually.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
IN937a mixed with GB03 provided higher control efficacy against F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- IN937a in a mixture with GB03e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicie0pathogen - Second interactor
- IN937ae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control efficacy of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersicie0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of IN937a in a mixture with GB03 provided a higher control efficacy of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM caused a small reduction in tomato disease index.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of tomato plants with ASM resulted in a small reduction in disease index”
t0“Fusarium crown and root rot on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Hymexazol provided significantly higher control efficacy against tomato Fusarium crown and root rot.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- hymexazole0
- Outcome
- control efficacye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of hymexazol provided significantly higher control efficacy”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining PGPR strains with ASM was significantly more effective against tomato disease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- four PGPR strains with either ASM or hymexazole0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined applications of the four PGPR strains with either ASM or hymexazol were significantly more effective.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining bacilli PGPR strains with pesticides increased suppression of Forl on tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacilli PGPR strains were combined with pesticidese0
- Interactor
- Forle0pathogen
- Second interactor
- bacilli PGPR strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- suppression of Forle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when bacilli PGPR strains were combined with pesticides, there was an increased suppression of Forl on tomato plants”
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386 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 441 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.