Abstract
Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max) is characterized by delayed senescence of stems with normal pod ripening and seed maturation. Three different field research approaches were designed to determine the relationship of green stem disorder to Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and other potential factors that may be involved in causing this disorder. The first research approach surveyed green stem disorder and BPMV in individual plants monitored in several commercial soybean fields during three growing seasons. Leaf samples from maturing plants (growth stage R6) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for BPMV. The percentage of monitored plants infected with BPMV at growth stage R6 in some fields was higher than the incidence of green stem disorder at harvest maturity. Many plants infected with BPMV did not develop green stem disorder, and conversely, many plants that had green stem disorder were not infected with BPMV. According to a chi-square test of independence, the data indicated that green stem disorder was independent of BPMV infection at growth stage R6 (P = 0.98). A second research approach compared green stem disorder incidence in an identical set of soybean entries planted in two locations with different levels of natural virus infection. Despite differences in virus infection, including BPMV incidence, 20 of 24 entries had similar green stem disorder incidence at the two locations. A third research approach completed over two growing seasons in field cages showed that green stem disorder developed without BPMV infection. BPMV infection did not increase green stem disorder incidence in comparison to controls. Bean leaf beetle, leaf hopper, or stinkbug feeding did not have an effect on the incidence of green stem disorder. The cause of the green stem disorder remains unknown.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
In some fields the percentage of plants infected with BPMV at R6 was higher than the green stem disorder incidence at harvest maturity.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- growth stage R6e1
- Interactor
- BPMVBean pod mottle viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of monitored plants infected with BPMVe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Setting
- several commercial soybean fieldse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“The percentage of monitored plants infected with BPMV at growth stage R6 in some fields was higher than the incidence of green stem disorder at harvest maturity”
e2“monitored in several commercial soybean fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Green stem disorder was independent of BPMV infection at R6 (chi-square test, P = 0.98).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- growth stage R6e3
- Interactor
- BPMVBean pod mottle viruse3pathogen
- Outcome
- green stem disordere3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Value
- P = 0.98e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max)”
e3“According to a chi-square test of independence, the data indicated that green stem disorder was independent of BPMV infection at growth stage R6 (P = 0.98)”
Claim · model-written summary
Across two locations with different virus infection levels, 20 of 24 soybean entries had similar green stem disorder incidence.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- BPMVBean pod mottle viruse4pathogen
- Outcome
- green stem disorder incidencee4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Qualifier
- 20 of 24 entriese4
- Setting
- the two locationse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max)”
e4“Despite differences in virus infection, including BPMV incidence, 20 of 24 entries had similar green stem disorder incidence at the two locations”
Claim · model-written summary
BPMV infection did not increase green stem disorder incidence compared with controls in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- BPMV infectione5
- Interactor
- BPMVBean pod mottle viruse5pathogen
- Outcome
- green stem disorder incidencee5
- Direction
- did not increasee5
- Comparator
- controlse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“BPMV infection did not increase green stem disorder incidence in comparison to controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Green stem disorder developed without BPMV infection in field cages over two growing seasons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- BPMVBean pod mottle viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- green stem disorder developede6
- Qualifier
- without BPMV infectione6
- Setting
- field cagese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max)”
e6“A third research approach completed over two growing seasons in field cages showed that green stem disorder developed without BPMV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding by bean leaf beetle, leaf hopper, or stinkbug had no effect on green stem disorder incidence in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Bean leaf beetle, leaf hopper, or stinkbug feedinge7
- Interactor
- Bean leaf beetle, leaf hopper, or stinkbuge7pest
- Outcome
- incidence of green stem disordere7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green stem disorder of soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“Bean leaf beetle, leaf hopper, or stinkbug feeding did not have an effect on the incidence of green stem disorder”
The same questions in other papers
infection · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →infection · Bean pod mottle virus · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.