Abstract
The expression of a candidate auxin-responsive gene was evaluated for use in a diagnostic assay for plant growth regulator (PGR) herbicide injury in soybean leaves. Expression of GH3 , a primary auxin-responsive gene, was evaluated in response to dicamba and clopyralid at the RNA and protein levels, and proteomic analysis evaluated global expression of proteins in response to dicamba. Expression of GH3 was also analyzed in response to heat, drought, salt stress, and infection by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) to determine the specificity of GH3 expression as a diagnostic marker for PGR herbicide injury. At the RNA level, GH3 was strongly induced by dicamba and clopyralid within 8 h after application. Expression peaked 1 to 3 d after treatment (DAT) in response to 10% and 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralid, with higher expression levels detected at higher herbicide rates. At the protein level, GH3 expression was also strongly induced at 1, 2, and 3 DAT by 10% vs. 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralid. Heat, drought, and salt stress and infection with SMV or BPMV had no effect on GH3 expression at either the RNA or protein level. Proteomic analysis identified three proteins that were up-regulated in response to dicamba. Two were induced for less than 7 DAT, and a third was identified as a stress-response enzyme (superoxide dismutase) that is likely not specific to PGR herbicide injury. Expression of GH3 was highly induced by PGR herbicides at the RNA and protein level and was not affected by environmental stresses or viral infection, indicating that GH3 expression has excellent potential for use in a diagnostic assay for PGR herbicide injury.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba and clopyralid strongly induced GH3 expression at the RNA level within 8 h after application in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- dicamba and clopyralide1
- Gene
- GH3e1
- Outcome
- GH3e1
- Direction
- strongly inducede1
- Qualifier
- within 8 h after applicatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e1“At the RNA level, GH3 was strongly induced by dicamba and clopyralid within 8 h after application”
Claim · model-written summary
At the protein level, GH3 expression was strongly induced at 1, 2 and 3 DAT by 10% versus 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralid in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 10% vs. 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralide3
- Gene
- GH3e3
- Outcome
- GH3 expressione3
- Direction
- strongly inducede3
- Qualifier
- At the protein levele3
- Comparator
- 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralide3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e3“At the protein level, GH3 expression was also strongly induced at 1, 2, and 3 DAT by 10% vs. 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralid”
Claim · model-written summary
GH3 expression peaked 1 to 3 days after dicamba and clopyralid treatment in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Expression peaked 1 to 3 d after treatment (DAT)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e2“Expression peaked 1 to 3 d after treatment (DAT) in response to 10% and 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralid”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher GH3 expression levels were detected at higher herbicide rates in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicide ratese2
- Outcome
- expression levelse2
- Direction
- highere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e2“with higher expression levels detected at higher herbicide rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress had no effect on GH3 expression at the RNA or protein level in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Heate4
- Gene
- GH3e4
- Outcome
- GH3 expressione4
- Direction
- no effecte4
- Qualifier
- RNA or protein levele4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e4“Heat, drought, and salt stress and infection with SMV or BPMV had no effect on GH3 expression at either the RNA or protein level”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought had no effect on GH3 expression at the RNA or protein level in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- droughte4
- Gene
- GH3e4
- Outcome
- GH3 expressione4
- Direction
- no effecte4
- Qualifier
- RNA or protein levele4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e4“Heat, drought, and salt stress and infection with SMV or BPMV had no effect on GH3 expression at either the RNA or protein level”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress had no effect on GH3 expression at the RNA or protein level in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse4
- Gene
- GH3e4
- Outcome
- GH3 expressione4
- Direction
- no effecte4
- Qualifier
- RNA or protein levele4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e4“Heat, drought, and salt stress and infection with SMV or BPMV had no effect on GH3 expression at either the RNA or protein level”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with soybean mosaic virus had no effect on GH3 expression at the RNA or protein level in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- infection with SMVe4
- Interactor
- SMVe4pathogen
- Gene
- GH3e4
- Outcome
- GH3 expressione4
- Direction
- no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e4“Heat, drought, and salt stress and infection with SMV or BPMV had no effect on GH3 expression at either the RNA or protein level”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with bean pod mottle virus had no effect on GH3 expression at the RNA or protein level in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- infection with SMV or BPMVe4
- Interactor
- BPMVBean pod mottle viruse4pathogen
- Gene
- GH3e4
- Outcome
- GH3 expressione4
- Direction
- no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e4“Heat, drought, and salt stress and infection with SMV or BPMV had no effect on GH3 expression at either the RNA or protein level”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomic analysis identified three proteins that were up-regulated in soybean in response to dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicambae5
- Outcome
- proteinse5
- Direction
- up-regulatede5
- Value
- three proteinse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e5“Proteomic analysis identified three proteins that were up-regulated in response to dicamba”
Claim · model-written summary
Two of the three dicamba-induced proteins were induced for less than 7 days after treatment in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- induced for less than 7 DATe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e6“Two were induced for less than 7 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
One dicamba-induced protein was identified as a stress-response enzyme, superoxide dismutase, which is likely not specific to PGR herbicide injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee7
- Outcome
- stress-response enzyme (superoxide dismutase)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e7“a third was identified as a stress-response enzyme (superoxide dismutase) that is likely not specific to PGR herbicide injury”
Claim · model-written summary
GH3 expression has excellent potential for use in a diagnostic assay for PGR herbicide injury in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GH3e0
- Outcome
- diagnostic assay for PGR herbicide injurye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean”
e0“indicating that GH3 expression has excellent potential for use in a diagnostic assay for PGR herbicide injury”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 33 papers →drought · molecular: expression · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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See all 57 papers →infection · Bean pod mottle virus · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.