Abstract
BACKGROUND: The filamentous oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes late blight, an economically important disease, on members of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), such as the crop plants potato and tomato. The related plant Nicotiana benthamiana is a model system to study plant-pathogen interactions, and the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to Phytophthora species varies from susceptible to resistant. Little is known about the extent to which plant basal immunity, mediated by membrane receptors that recognise conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), contributes to P. infestans resistance. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found that different species of Phytophthora have varying degrees of virulence on N. benthamiana ranging from avirulence (incompatible interaction) to moderate virulence through to full aggressiveness. The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) BAK1/SERK3 is a major modulator of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in Arabidopsis thaliana and N. benthamiana. We cloned two NbSerk3 homologs, NbSerk3A and NbSerk3B, from N. benthamiana based on sequence similarity to the A. thaliana gene. N. benthamiana plants silenced for NbSerk3 showed markedly enhanced susceptibility to P. infestans infection but were not altered in resistance to Phytophthora mirabilis, a sister species of P. infestans that specializes on a different host plant. Furthermore, silencing of NbSerk3 reduced the cell death response triggered by the INF1, a secreted P. infestans protein with features of PAMPs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrated that N. benthamiana NbSERK3 significantly contributes to resistance to P. infestans and regulates the immune responses triggered by the P. infestans PAMP protein INF1. In the future, the identification of novel surface receptors that associate with NbSERK3A and/or NbSERK3B should lead to the identification of new receptors that mediate recognition of oomycete PAMPs, such as INF1.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Different Phytophthora species differ in virulence on N. benthamiana, from avirulence to full aggressiveness.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Interactor
- Phytophthora
Phytophthorae1pathogen - Outcome
- virulencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“different species of Phytophthora have varying degrees of virulence on N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Two NbSerk3 homologs, NbSerk3A and NbSerk3B, were cloned from N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae2
- Gene
- NbSerk3A and NbSerk3Be2
- Outcome
- cloned two NbSerk3 homologse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We cloned two NbSerk3 homologs, NbSerk3A and NbSerk3B, from N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbSerk3 markedly enhanced N. benthamiana susceptibility to P. infestans infection.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae3
- Treatment
- silenced for NbSerk3e3
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse3pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to P. infestans infectione3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“N. benthamiana plants silenced for NbSerk3 showed markedly enhanced susceptibility to P. infestans infection but were not altered in resistance to Phytophthora mirabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbSerk3 did not alter N. benthamiana resistance to Phytophthora mirabilis.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae3
- Treatment
- silenced for NbSerk3e3
- Interactor
- Phytophthora mirabilisPhytophthora mirabilise3pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to Phytophthora mirabilise3
- Direction
- not alterede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“N. benthamiana plants silenced for NbSerk3 showed markedly enhanced susceptibility to P. infestans infection but were not altered in resistance to Phytophthora mirabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NbSerk3 reduced the cell death response triggered by the P. infestans protein INF1.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- silencing of NbSerk3e4
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse4pathogen
- Gene
- INF1e4
- Outcome
- cell death response triggered by the INF1e4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana plants silenced for NbSerk3”
e4“silencing of NbSerk3 reduced the cell death response triggered by the INF1, a secreted P. infestans protein with features of PAMPs”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Phytophthora infestans · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.