Abstract
Abstract Phenology, reproductive traits and dry matter allocation were compared among three rhizomatous Polygonatum species (Liliaceae) growing in different habitats. Polygonatum odoratum var. maximowiczii grows mainly on the floor of deciduous forests; Polygonatum involucratum at forest edges with patchy light spots; and Polygonatum humile in moist grasslands with sparse vegetation cover. The purpose of this study was to describe the growth patterns and reproductive traits of related species for the consideration of habitat‐specific responses of life‐history traits. The leaf emergence and reproductive phenology of P. odoratum progressed more rapidly and the growth season was shorter in comparison with other species, reflecting seasonal changes in light conditions in the understory. Every species showed very low selfing ability but the evidence of pollen limitation was negligible under natural pollination. Dry matter allocations to above‐ and below‐ground parts were similar among species but the patterns of annual resource allocation varied greatly: P. odoratum showed large annual shoot production but annual rhizome growth was small (3–4 cm/year). The lifespan of rhizomes was >8 years in this species, whereas it was 3–4 years in other species. The annual growth of rhizomes in P. humile was large (15.5 cm/year) and branching was frequent, indicating rapid vegetative expansion under unstable conditions. The leaf/stem ratio was large in P. humile and small in P. odoratum . The allocation and growth pattern of P. involucratum were intermediate. Such differences in growth and allocation patterns among the three Polygonatum species could reflect the possible directions of life‐history strategy against specific light conditions and habitat stability, although phylogenetic constraints should be taken into account for the interspecific comparison.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
P. odoratum leaf emergence and reproductive phenology progressed more rapidly and its growth season was shorter than in the other species.
- Taxon
- P. odoratum
Polygonatum odoratume0 - Outcome
- leaf emergence and reproductive phenologye0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Comparator
- other speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf emergence and reproductive phenology of P. odoratum progressed more rapidly and the growth season was shorter in comparison with other species”
Claim · model-written summary
P. odoratum had a shorter growth season than the other species.
- Taxon
- P. odoratumPolygonatum odoratume0
- Outcome
- growth seasone0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- other speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf emergence and reproductive phenology of P. odoratum progressed more rapidly and the growth season was shorter in comparison with other species”
Claim · model-written summary
All three Polygonatum species showed very low selfing ability.
- Taxon
- Polygonatum
Polygonatume0 - Outcome
- selfing abilitye1
- Direction
- very lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three rhizomatous Polygonatum species”
e1“Every species showed very low selfing ability”
Claim · model-written summary
Evidence of pollen limitation was negligible under natural pollination in the three species.
- Taxon
- PolygonatumPolygonatume0
- Outcome
- pollen limitatione1
- Direction
- negligiblee1
- Qualifier
- under natural pollinatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three rhizomatous Polygonatum species”
e1“the evidence of pollen limitation was negligible under natural pollination”
Claim · model-written summary
Above- and below-ground dry-matter allocation was similar among species.
- Taxon
- PolygonatumPolygonatume0
- Outcome
- Dry matter allocations to above‐ and below‐ground partse1
- Direction
- similare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three rhizomatous Polygonatum species”
e1“Dry matter allocations to above‐ and below‐ground parts were similar among species”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual resource-allocation patterns varied greatly among species.
- Taxon
- PolygonatumPolygonatume0
- Outcome
- patterns of annual resource allocatione1
- Direction
- varied greatlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three rhizomatous Polygonatum species”
e1“patterns of annual resource allocation varied greatly”
Claim · model-written summary
P. odoratum showed large annual shoot production.
- Taxon
- P. odoratumPolygonatum odoratume0
- Outcome
- annual shoot productione0
- Direction
- largee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. odoratum showed large annual shoot production”
Claim · model-written summary
P. odoratum annual rhizome growth was small at 3–4 cm/year.
- Taxon
- P. odoratumPolygonatum odoratume0
- Outcome
- annual rhizome growthe0
- Direction
- smalle0
- Value
- 3–4 cm/yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. odoratum showed large annual shoot production but annual rhizome growth was small (3–4 cm/year)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. odoratum rhizomes lived more than 8 years.
- Taxon
- P. odoratumPolygonatum odoratume1
- Outcome
- lifespan of rhizomese0
- Value
- >8 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lifespan of rhizomes was >8 years in this species”
e1“P. odoratum showed large annual shoot production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizome lifespan in the other species was 3–4 years.
- Taxon
- PolygonatumPolygonatume0
- Outcome
- it was 3–4 yearse1
- Value
- 3–4 yearse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three rhizomatous Polygonatum species”
e1“it was 3–4 years in other species”
Claim · model-written summary
P. humile rhizomes grew 15.5 cm/year.
- Taxon
- P. humile
Polygonatum humilee0 - Outcome
- annual growth of rhizomese0
- Direction
- largee0
- Value
- 15.5 cm/yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The annual growth of rhizomes in P. humile was large (15.5 cm/year)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. humile rhizome branching was frequent.
- Taxon
- P. humilePolygonatum humilee0
- Outcome
- branchinge0
- Direction
- frequente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The annual growth of rhizomes in P. humile was large (15.5 cm/year) and branching was frequent”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf/stem ratio was large in P. humile.
- Taxon
- P. humilePolygonatum humilee0
- Outcome
- leaf/stem ratioe0
- Direction
- largee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf/stem ratio was large in P. humile and small in P. odoratum”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf/stem ratio was small in P. odoratum.
- Taxon
- P. odoratumPolygonatum odoratume0
- Outcome
- leaf/stem ratioe0
- Direction
- smalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf/stem ratio was large in P. humile and small in P. odoratum”
Claim · model-written summary
P. involucratum had intermediate allocation and growth patterns.
- Taxon
- P. involucratum
Polygonatum involucratume0 - Outcome
- allocation and growth patterne0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The allocation and growth pattern of P. involucratum were intermediate”