Abstract
Abstract There is insufficient information about germination, seed biology and seedling establishment of native grass species of the cerrado ( B razilian savannah) to recommend their use in restoration of disturbed areas. We evaluated the production, percentage of fertile seeds, germination, seedling growth and establishment in the field of eighteen native grass species and one exotic invasive species ( Melinis minutiflora ) and also the effects of different storage periods on germination. The percentage of fertile seeds varied from 6·0 to 94·2% among native species. Ten species produced a minimum of 800 fertile seeds per gram. Germination rate was in the range of 11·0 to 98·8%. Storage for 1 year reduced the germination rate in one species, did not affect germination of three species and increased germination (by 2–10 times) in 14 species. After 2 years of storage, six species showed reductions in germination. Three different patterns of resource allocation were observed and might provide mechanisms for increasing seedling establishment under different environmental conditions. In the field, only two species flowered in the first year after sowing and an additional eight in the second year of observation. M elinis minutiflora is an aggressive species with more than three times the fertile seed production of native species (2820 seeds per gram), high germination rate (55%) and a high number of germinable seeds (1551 per gram). Despite the wide variation in seed characteristics and the delay in flowering, it is concluded that most native grass species can be used in projects aiming at the restoration and management of degraded areas.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fertile seed percentage ranged from 6·0 to 94·2% among native species.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of fertile seeds varied from 6·0 to 94·2% among native species”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten native species produced at least 800 fertile seeds per gram.
Verbatim
e0“Ten species produced a minimum of 800 fertile seeds per gram”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rates ranged from 11·0 to 98·8%.
Verbatim
e0“Germination rate was in the range of 11·0 to 98·8%”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
One year of storage reduced germination in one species.
- Taxon
- native grass speciest0
- Treatment
- Storage for 1 yeare0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- one speciese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Storage for 1 year reduced the germination rate in one species”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
One year of storage did not affect germination in three species.
- Taxon
- native grass speciest0
- Treatment
- Storage for 1 yeare0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- three speciese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Storage for 1 year reduced the germination rate in one species, did not affect germination of three species”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
One year of storage increased germination two to tenfold in 14 species.
- Taxon
- native grass speciest0
- Treatment
- Storage for 1 yeare0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2–10 timese0
- Qualifier
- 14 speciese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Storage for 1 year reduced the germination rate in one species, did not affect germination of three species and increased germination (by 2–10 times) in 14 species”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
After two years of storage, six species had lower germination.
Verbatim
e0“After 2 years of storage, six species showed reductions in germination”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
Three resource allocation patterns were observed.
Verbatim
e0“Three different patterns of resource allocation were observed”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
Two species flowered in the first year after sowing.
Verbatim
e0“only two species flowered in the first year after sowing”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight additional species flowered in the second observation year.
Verbatim
e0“an additional eight in the second year of observation”
t0“native grass species”
Claim · model-written summary
Melinis minutiflora produced 2820 fertile seeds per gram, over three times the native species.
Verbatim
e0“M elinis minutiflora is an aggressive species with more than three times the fertile seed production of native species (2820 seeds per gram)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melinis minutiflora had 55% germination.
Verbatim
e0“high germination rate (55%)”
e1“M elinis minutiflora is an aggressive species with more than three times the fertile seed production of native species (2820 seeds per gram), high germination rate (55%) and a high number of germinable seeds (1551 per gram)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melinis minutiflora had 1551 germinable seeds per gram.
Verbatim
e0“a high number of germinable seeds (1551 per gram)”
e1“M elinis minutiflora is an aggressive species with more than three times the fertile seed production of native species (2820 seeds per gram), high germination rate (55%) and a high number of germinable seeds (1551 per gram)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that most native grass species can be used in restoration.
Verbatim
e0“most native grass species can be used in projects aiming at the restoration and management of degraded areas”