Abstract
The growth changes of cotyledons, leaves, hypocotyls and roots due to photoperiodic induction in short day plantChenopodium rubrum were investigated in relation to flowering. Six-day old plants were induced by photoperiods with a different number of dark hours. We found that the degree of inhibition which occurred during induction in the growth of leaves, cotyledons and roots similarly as the stimulation of hypocotyl is proportional to the length of dark period. The photoperiods with 12, 16 and 20 dark hours bring about marked inhibition of growth and at the same time induce flowering in terminal and axillary meristems. The inhibitory effect of critical period for flowering,i.e. 8 dark hours, is not apparent in all criteria used and even the flower differentiation is retarded. The photoperiods of 4 and 6 dark hours did not affect growth and were ineffective in inducing flowering even if their number has been increased. The experiments with inductive photoperiod interrupted by light break have clearly shown that growth pattern characteristic for induced plants can be evoked in purely vegetative ones. Such statement did not exclude the possible importance of growth inhibition as a modifying factor of flower differentiation. We demonstrated that the early events of flower bud differentiation are accompanied by stimulation of leaf growth. The evaluation of growth and development of axillary buds at different nodes of insertion enabled us to quantify the photoperiodic effect and to detect the effects due to differences in dark period length not exceeding 2 hours.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf, cotyledon, and root growth inhibition increased with dark-period length.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrum
Oxybasis rubrae1 - Treatment
- length of dark periode0
- Outcome
- inhibition which occurred during induction in the growth of leaves, cotyledons and rootse0
- Direction
- proportionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of inhibition which occurred during induction in the growth of leaves, cotyledons and roots similarly as the stimulation of hypocotyl is proportional to the length of dark period.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl stimulation increased with dark-period length.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Treatment
- length of dark periode0
- Outcome
- stimulation of hypocotyle0
- Direction
- proportionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of inhibition which occurred during induction in the growth of leaves, cotyledons and roots similarly as the stimulation of hypocotyl is proportional to the length of dark period.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoperiods with 12, 16, and 20 dark hours markedly inhibited growth.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Treatment
- photoperiods with 12, 16 and 20 dark hourse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photoperiods with 12, 16 and 20 dark hours bring about marked inhibition of growth and at the same time induce flowering in terminal and axillary meristems.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoperiods with 12, 16, and 20 dark hours induced flowering in terminal and axillary meristems.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Treatment
- photoperiods with 12, 16 and 20 dark hourse0
- Outcome
- flowering in terminal and axillary meristemse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photoperiods with 12, 16 and 20 dark hours bring about marked inhibition of growth and at the same time induce flowering in terminal and axillary meristems.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
An eight-hour dark period retarded flower differentiation.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Treatment
- 8 dark hourse0
- Outcome
- flower differentiatione0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of critical period for flowering,i.e. 8 dark hours, is not apparent in all criteria used and even the flower differentiation is retarded.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Four- and six-hour dark photoperiods did not affect growth.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Treatment
- photoperiods of 4 and 6 dark hourse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photoperiods of 4 and 6 dark hours did not affect growth and were ineffective in inducing flowering even if their number has been increased.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Four- and six-hour dark photoperiods failed to induce flowering even when repeated more often.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Treatment
- photoperiods of 4 and 6 dark hourse0
- Outcome
- inducing floweringe0
- Qualifier
- even if their number has been increasede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photoperiods of 4 and 6 dark hours did not affect growth and were ineffective in inducing flowering even if their number has been increased.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
A light break during an inductive photoperiod evoked the induced growth pattern in vegetative plants.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Treatment
- inductive photoperiod interrupted by light breake0
- Outcome
- growth pattern characteristic for induced plantse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiments with inductive photoperiod interrupted by light break have clearly shown that growth pattern characteristic for induced plants can be evoked in purely vegetative ones.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Early flower bud differentiation accompanied stimulated leaf growth.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Organ / stage
- early events of flower bud differentiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the early events of flower bud differentiation are accompanied by stimulation of leaf growth.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Axillary-bud growth and development measurements detected photoperiodic effects from dark periods differing by no more than two hours.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium rubrumOxybasis rubrae1
- Organ / stage
- axillary budse0
- Outcome
- detect the effects due to differences in dark period lengthe0
- Value
- 2 hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The evaluation of growth and development of axillary buds at different nodes of insertion enabled us to quantify the photoperiodic effect and to detect the effects due to differences in dark period length not exceeding 2 hours.”
e1“plantChenopodium rubrum”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.