Abstract
Summary Weed populations were monitored for 4 years on two experiments designed to compare the effect of different primary tillage treatments on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cropping. Ploughing was compared with deep and shallow tine cultivation and with no tillage on both a clay loam and a silt loam over chalk. Soil‐acting residual herbicides were used to control weeds, especially Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and Avena fatua L. Dicotyledonous weeds were uncommon on the clay loam but on the silt loam, in a year when no residual herbicide was used, they were most numerous where the soil was disturbed most. In other years there was little difference in the number emerging. Six species were reduced in number by reduced cultivation or no tillage, whilst four species, including two grasses, were increased. At both sites, A. myosuroides was more numerous on direct drilled and tine cultivated plots than on ploughed. Herbicides gave good control on the silt loam but failed to control the weed on the clay loam. On the clay loam, A. fatua was most numerous on tine cultivated plots and a combination of herbicides and roguing produced a decline in the population.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Dicot weeds were uncommon on clay loam.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Dicotyledonous weedse0
- Direction
- uncommone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicotyledonous weeds were uncommon on the clay loam”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
On silt loam without residual herbicide, dicot weeds were most numerous under greatest soil disturbance.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil was disturbed moste0
- Outcome
- Dicotyledonous weedse1
- Direction
- most numerouse0
- Setting
- silt loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the silt loam, in a year when no residual herbicide was used, they were most numerous where the soil was disturbed most”
e1“Dicotyledonous weeds were uncommon on the clay loam”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In other years, weed emergence varied little among tillage treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number emerginge0
- Direction
- little differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In other years there was little difference in the number emerging”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced or no tillage reduced six weed species.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced cultivation or no tillagee0
- Outcome
- Six speciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Six species were reduced in number by reduced cultivation or no tillage”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced or no tillage increased four weed species.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced cultivation or no tillagee1
- Outcome
- four speciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whilst four species, including two grasses, were increased”
e1“Six species were reduced in number by reduced cultivation or no tillage”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A. myosuroides was more numerous under direct drilling and tine cultivation than ploughing.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- direct drilled and tine cultivated plotse0
- Interactor
- A. myosuroides
Alopecurus myosuroidese0weed - Outcome
- A. myosuroidese0
- Direction
- more numerouse0
- Comparator
- ploughede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. myosuroides was more numerous on direct drilled and tine cultivated plots than on ploughed”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides controlled A. myosuroides on silt loam.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Herbicidese0
- Outcome
- good controle0
- Direction
- good controle0
- Setting
- silt loame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicides gave good control on the silt loam”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides failed to control the weed on clay loam.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Herbicidese1
- Outcome
- control the weede0
- Direction
- failede0
- Setting
- clay loame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“failed to control the weed on the clay loam”
e1“Herbicides gave good control on the silt loam”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A. fatua was most numerous on tine cultivated plots on clay loam.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tine cultivated plotse0
- Interactor
- A. fatua
Avena fatuae0weed - Outcome
- A. fatuae0
- Direction
- most numerouse0
- Setting
- clay loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the clay loam, A. fatua was most numerous on tine cultivated plots”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides and roguing reduced the A. fatua population.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combination of herbicides and roguinge0
- Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a combination of herbicides and roguing produced a decline in the population”
t0“winter wheat”
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