Abstract
SUMMARY The development of vegetation (mainly the Violetum calaminariae Schwick.) in heavy metal‐contaminated areas depends on the metals mobility in soils and on metal availability for plants. Moreover, the ability of plant populations to evolve metal tolerance is one of the most important characters which determines the structure, density and development of the vegetation in such areas. In this work, metal mobility in soils and availability to plants in both calcareous and non‐calcareous situations were investigated in relation to the development of genetical heavy metal tolerance in plant populations. In soils, exchangeable metals amounts are linearly related to total amounts. Availability of metals for plants depends on soil pH and on organic matter contents. High calcium content in soils reduced lead toxicity more than zinc toxicity and generally reduced metal uptake but some exceptions were found. The structure and the density of the vegetation colonizing calcareous and non‐calcareous places is related to the interaction between lead, zinc and exchangeable non‐toxic cations. A relationship between exchangeable Pb ++ /Ca ++ in soils and the lead tolerance level of plant populations was found. The relation between exchangeable Zn ++ /Ca ++ and zinc tolerance level was not satisfactory.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetation development depends on soil metal mobility and availability to plants.
- Taxon
- plant populationst0
- Compound
- metalse0
- Outcome
- development of vegetatione0
- Setting
- heavy metal‐contaminated arease0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The development of vegetation (mainly the Violetum calaminariae Schwick.) in heavy metal‐contaminated areas depends on the metals mobility in soils and on metal availability for plants”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant populations’ ability to evolve metal tolerance determines vegetation structure, density and development.
- Taxon
- plant populationst0
- Organ / stage
- vegetatione0
- Outcome
- structure, density and development of the vegetatione0
- Qualifier
- evolve metal tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the ability of plant populations to evolve metal tolerance is one of the most important characters which determines the structure, density and development of the vegetation in such areas”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable soil metal amounts were linearly related to total amounts.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In soils, exchangeable metals amounts are linearly related to total amounts”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant metal availability depends on soil pH and organic matter contents.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Availability of metals for plants depends on soil pH and on organic matter contents”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil calcium reduced lead toxicity more than zinc toxicity.
Verbatim
e0“High calcium content in soils reduced lead toxicity more than zinc toxicity”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil calcium generally reduced plant metal uptake, with exceptions.
Verbatim
e0“High calcium content in soils reduced lead toxicity more than zinc toxicity and generally reduced metal uptake but some exceptions were found”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetation structure and density related to lead, zinc and exchangeable non-toxic cations.
- Taxon
- plant populationst0
- Compound
- lead, zinc and exchangeable non‐toxic cationse0
- Outcome
- structure and the density of the vegetatione0
- Setting
- calcareous and non‐calcareous placese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The structure and the density of the vegetation colonizing calcareous and non‐calcareous places is related to the interaction between lead, zinc and exchangeable non‐toxic cations”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable soil Pb/Ca ratio related to plant population lead tolerance.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A relationship between exchangeable Pb ++ /Ca ++ in soils and the lead tolerance level of plant populations was found”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable soil Zn/Ca ratio was not satisfactorily related to plant zinc tolerance.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The relation between exchangeable Zn ++ /Ca ++ and zinc tolerance level was not satisfactory”
t0“PLANT POPULATIONS”