Abstract
Abstract Doublecropped soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] following winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is usually planted past the optimum date for monocropped beans. To make good yield, early growth of doublecropped soybean is very important. The purpose of this experiment was to determine wheat straw leachate, wheat straw management, and supplemental N effects on soybean germination, growth, and yield. Leachate concentrations of 0, 20, and 100 g L −1 (straw to deionized water) were used for germination and radicle growth studies. Leachate concentrations of 0, 2, and 20 g L −1 were used in sand culture and the Ap horizon of Okolona silty clay (fine, montorillonitic, thermic Typic Chromudert) to study germination and early growth of soybean. A 3‐yr experiment on Okolona silty clay, consisting of six management practices and two N levels (0 and 28 kg ha −1 ), was used to study soybean growth and yield in the field. Management practices consisted of monocropped soybean planted near the optimum date and at the doublecropped date and doublecropped soybean planted where wheat straw was either burned, physically removed, soil‐incorporated, or left standing. Germination was not significantly affected by leachate but was reduced by late planting in the field. The 100 g L −1 leachate inhibited radicle growth, while 20 g initially inhibited but then stimulated radicle growth. The 20 g L −1 leachate inhibited early growth in the laboratory but only in the silty clay, while the 2 g L −1 leachate stimulated growth, especially in the sand. Wheat straw inhibited growth and yield in the field. Supplemental N was most effective in overcoming depressed growth and yield where straw was left on the soil surface. Early monocropped soybean produced the largest average yield, but doublecropped soybean where straw was burned produced the greatest economic returns.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Leachate did not significantly affect soybean germination.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Germination was not significantly affected by leachate”
Claim · model-written summary
Late field planting reduced soybean germination.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination was not significantly affected by leachate but was reduced by late planting in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100 g L −1 leachate inhibited soybean radicle growth.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The 100 g L −1 leachate inhibited radicle growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The 20 g leachate initially inhibited soybean radicle growth.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“20 g initially inhibited but then stimulated radicle growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The 20 g leachate subsequently stimulated soybean radicle growth.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“20 g initially inhibited but then stimulated radicle growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The 20 g L −1 leachate inhibited early soybean growth in silty clay in the laboratory.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The 20 g L −1 leachate inhibited early growth in the laboratory but only in the silty clay”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2 g L −1 leachate stimulated soybean growth, especially in sand.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the 2 g L −1 leachate stimulated growth, especially in the sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw inhibited soybean field growth and yield.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Wheat straw inhibited growth and yield in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental nitrogen most effectively overcame depressed soybean growth and yield where straw remained on the soil surface.
- Treatment
- Supplemental Ne0
- Outcome
- depressed growth and yielde0
- Direction
- overcominge0
- Qualifier
- where straw was left on the soil surfacee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Supplemental N was most effective in overcoming depressed growth and yield where straw was left on the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Early monocropped soybean produced the largest average yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early monocropped soybean produced the largest average yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Doublecropped soybean with burned straw produced the greatest economic returns.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- straw was burnede0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“doublecropped soybean where straw was burned produced the greatest economic returns”
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