Abstract
Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation. Allocation of newly fixed carbon to foliar starch accumulation was nearly completely inhibited, being decreased by the same amount as net carbon fixation. In contrast, decreasing net carbon fixation in untreated leaves by lowering CO(2) concentration caused starch accumulation to decrease, but only in the same proportion as net carbon fixation. Shikimate level increased 50-fold in treated leaves but the elevated rate of carbon accumulation in shikimate was only 4% of the decrease in the rate of starch accumulation. Application of steady state labeling with (14)CO(2) to exporting leaves confirmed the above changes in carbon metabolism, but revealed no other major daytime differences in the (14)C-content of amino acids or other compounds between treated and control leaves. Less (14)C accumulated in treated leaves because of decreased fixation, not increased export. The proportion of newly fixed carbon allocated to sucrose increased, maintaining export at the level in control leaves. Returning net carbon exchange to the rate before treatment restored starch accumulation fully and prevented a decrease in export during the subsequent dark period.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied to sugar beet leaves lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation during the day.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- exporting leavese0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and carbon fixatione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate nearly completely inhibited carbon allocation to foliar starch accumulation in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- starch accumulatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e1“Allocation of newly fixed carbon to foliar starch accumulation was nearly completely inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate increased the shikimate level 50-fold in sugar beet leaves.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- Shikimate levele2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 50-folde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e2“Shikimate level increased 50-fold in treated leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-treated sugar beet leaves showed carbon accumulation in shikimate at only 4% of the decrease in starch accumulation rate.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- carbon accumulation in shikimatee3
- Direction
- elevatede3
- Value
- 4%e3
- Comparator
- the decrease in the rate of starch accumulatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e3“the elevated rate of carbon accumulation in shikimate was only 4% of the decrease in the rate of starch accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate increased the proportion of newly fixed carbon allocated to sucrose in sugar beet leaves compared with control leaves.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- proportion of newly fixed carbon allocated to sucrosee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control leavese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e4“The proportion of newly fixed carbon allocated to sucrose increased, maintaining export at the level in control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate maintained sugar beet leaf export at the level of control leaves.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- exporte4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- control leavese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e4“The proportion of newly fixed carbon allocated to sucrose increased, maintaining export at the level in control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate caused no other major daytime differences in (14)C-content of amino acids or other compounds compared with control leaves.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- (14)C-content of amino acids or other compoundse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- control leavese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e5“revealed no other major daytime differences in the (14)C-content of amino acids or other compounds between treated and control leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-treated sugar beet leaves accumulated less (14)C than control leaves, because of decreased fixation rather than increased export.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- (14)C accumulatede6
- Direction
- Lesse6
- Qualifier
- because of decreased fixation, not increased exporte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e6“Less (14)C accumulated in treated leaves because of decreased fixation, not increased export”
Claim · model-written summary
Restoring net carbon exchange to the pre-treatment rate fully restored starch accumulation in sugar beet leaves.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Returning net carbon exchange to the rate before treatmente7
- Outcome
- starch accumulatione7
- Direction
- restorede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e7“Returning net carbon exchange to the rate before treatment restored starch accumulation fully and prevented a decrease in export during the subsequent dark period”
Claim · model-written summary
Restoring net carbon exchange to the pre-treatment rate prevented a decrease in sugar beet leaf export during the subsequent dark period.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Returning net carbon exchange to the rate before treatmente7
- Outcome
- export during the subsequent dark periode7
- Direction
- prevented a decreasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e7“Returning net carbon exchange to the rate before treatment restored starch accumulation fully and prevented a decrease in export during the subsequent dark period”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowering CO2 concentration in untreated sugar beet leaves reduced starch accumulation only in proportion to net carbon fixation.
- Taxon
- Beta vulgarisBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- lowering CO(2) concentratione1
- Outcome
- starch accumulatione1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Qualifier
- only in the same proportion as net carbon fixatione1
- Comparator
- untreated leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation”
e1“decreasing net carbon fixation in untreated leaves by lowering CO(2) concentration caused starch accumulation to decrease, but only in the same proportion as net carbon fixation”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · molecular: metabolites · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.