Abstract
Abstract Mixed cropping carrots with onions reduced attacks by carrot fly, Psila rosae Fab., on carrots and Thrips tabaci Lind, on onions, compared with those on carrots and onions in monoculture. Increased plant density also reduced the numbers of carrot‐willow aphid, Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Carabid and staphylinid predators of P. rosae eggs were trapped in higher numbers on the intercropped plots with higher onion:carrot plant density ratios (PDR) over both P. rosae generations but losses of exposed marked P. rosae eggs were not consistent with these differences. In addition, the PDR treatment effect was greatest when the carrots were intercropped with young onions and virtually ineffective once the onions began to bulb. Over 90% of adult P. rosae trapped entering carrot plots were female and the majority approached the plots upwind at a height of <40 cm above the ground possibly in response to the carrot odour. Row‐intercropping with onions caused fewer flies to enter the plots. Mixed cropping of carrots with onions probably reduced P. rosae attack by the onion volatiles disturbing host‐plant finding particularly when the onions were young. Mixed cropping with the French marigold, Tagetes patula L. was ineffective. C. aegopodii was not directly affected by intercropping as was T. tabaci, the latter being reduced in numbers by increased PDR possibly due to reduced 'apparancy' of the onion plants. RÉSUMÉ Effet de l'association culturale sur quelques insectes attaquant carottes et oignons L'association culturale des carrottes et des oignons réduit les attaques de Psila rosae Fab sur carottes et de Thrips tabaci Lind sur oignons, par rapport aux monocultures. L'accroissement de la densité végétale réduit de měme le nombre de pucerons de la carotte, Cavariella aegopodii Scop. Les carabes et staphylins prédateurs d'oeufs de Psila rosae sont piégés en plus grand nombre en culture alternée avec une densité élevée (PDR) d'oignons et de carottes, pendant les 2 générations de P. rosae; mais les pertes d'oeufs marqués exposés de P. rosae ne confirment pas ces différences. De plus, l'effet du PDR est plus important quand les carottes alternent avec de jeunes oignons et virtuellement sans effet quand les bulbes des oignons commencent à se former. Plus de 90% des adultes de P. rosae piégés en entrant dans les parcelles de carottes étaient des femelles, et la majorité se dirigeait face au vent à moins de 40 cm au dessus du sol, vraisemblablement en réponse à l'odeur de carotte. L'alternance avec des rangs d'oignons limite le nombre de mouches pénétrant dans les parcelles. L'association de carottes et d'oignons a réduit probablement les attaques de P. rosae par l'action de substances volatiles des oignons, en perturbant la découverte de la plante hǒte, particulièrement quand les oignons étaient jeunes. L'association avec Tagetes patula L. n'a pas eu d'effet. C. aegopodii n'a pas été directement affecté par l'association comme l'était T. tabaci, l'effectif de ce dernier ayant pu ětre limité par un PDR élevé qui aurait réduit l'individualisation des pieds d'oignons.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot-onion mixed cropping reduced carrot fly attacks on carrots versus monoculture.
- Taxon
- carrots
Daucus carotae0 - Treatment
- Mixed cropping carrots with onionse0
- Interactor
- Psila rosae Fab.
Chamaepsila rosaee0pest - Outcome
- attacks by carrot fly, Psila rosae Fab., on carrotse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- carrots and onions in monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed cropping carrots with onions reduced attacks by carrot fly, Psila rosae Fab., on carrots and Thrips tabaci Lind, on onions, compared with those on carrots and onions in monoculture.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot-onion mixed cropping reduced Thrips tabaci attacks on onions versus monoculture.
- Taxon
- onions
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- Mixed cropping carrots with onionse0
- Interactor
- Thrips tabaci Lind
Thrips tabacie0pest - Outcome
- Thrips tabaci Lind, on onionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- carrots and onions in monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed cropping carrots with onions reduced attacks by carrot fly, Psila rosae Fab., on carrots and Thrips tabaci Lind, on onions, compared with those on carrots and onions in monoculture.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing plant density reduced carrot-willow aphid numbers.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- Increased plant densitye0
- Interactor
- Cavariella aegopodii Scop.
Cavariella aegopodiie0pest - Outcome
- numbers of carrot‐willow aphid, Cavariella aegopodii Scop.e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased plant density also reduced the numbers of carrot‐willow aphid, Cavariella aegopodii Scop.”
t0“carrots”
Claim · model-written summary
Carabid and staphylinid egg predators were trapped more often in high onion-to-carrot-density intercropped plots.
- Taxon
- carrots and onionsDaucus carotaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- intercropped plots with higher onion:carrot plant density ratios (PDR)e0
- Interactor
- P. rosaeChamaepsila rosaee0pest
- Outcome
- Carabid and staphylinid predators of P. rosae eggs were trappede0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carabid and staphylinid predators of P. rosae eggs were trapped in higher numbers on the intercropped plots with higher onion:carrot plant density ratios (PDR) over both P. rosae generations”
t0“carrots and onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposed marked P. rosae egg losses did not match predator-trap differences.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotat0
- Interactor
- P. rosaeChamaepsila rosaee0pest
- Outcome
- losses of exposed marked P. rosae eggse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“losses of exposed marked P. rosae eggs were not consistent with these differences”
t0“carrots”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant-density-ratio effects were greatest with young onions and virtually ineffective after bulbing.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- intercropped with young onionse0
- Outcome
- PDR treatment effecte0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- virtually ineffective once the onions began to bulbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PDR treatment effect was greatest when the carrots were intercropped with young onions and virtually ineffective once the onions began to bulb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Over 90% of adult P. rosae entering carrot plots were female.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Interactor
- P. rosaeChamaepsila rosaee0pest
- Outcome
- adult P. rosae trapped entering carrot plots were femalee0
- Value
- Over 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 90% of adult P. rosae trapped entering carrot plots were female”
Claim · model-written summary
Most entering P. rosae approached upwind below 40 cm.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae1
- Interactor
- P. rosaeChamaepsila rosaee1pest
- Outcome
- approached the plots upwinde0
- Value
- <40 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the majority approached the plots upwind at a height of <40 cm above the ground”
e1“adult P. rosae trapped entering carrot plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion row intercropping caused fewer flies to enter carrot plots.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae1
- Treatment
- Row‐intercropping with onionse0
- Interactor
- P. rosaeChamaepsila rosaee2pest
- Outcome
- flies to enter the plotse0
- Direction
- fewere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Row‐intercropping with onions caused fewer flies to enter the plots.”
e1“carrot plots”
e2“P. rosae eggs were trapped in higher numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
French marigold mixed cropping was ineffective.
- Taxon
- carrots and onionsDaucus carotaAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Mixed cropping with the French marigold, Tagetes patula L.e0
- Outcome
- ineffectivee0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed cropping with the French marigold, Tagetes patula L. was ineffective.”
t0“carrots and onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping did not directly affect C. aegopodii.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- C. aegopodiiCavariella aegopodiie0pest
- Outcome
- C. aegopodiie0
- Direction
- not directly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. aegopodii was not directly affected by intercropping”
t0“carrots”
The same questions in other papers
Allium cepa · Chamaepsila rosae · Daucus carota (carrot)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Daucus carota · Thrips tabaci · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
intercropping · Thrips tabaci · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
intercropping · Chamaepsila rosae · Daucus carota (carrot)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.