Abstract
ABSTRACT The efficacies of sprays containing the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and selected pesticides and enhancers for control of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella , were evaluated in two experiments. the first compared three rates of nematode infective juveniles a plus nonionic surfactant with three rates of petroleum spray oil, three rates of fenoxycarb, and single rates of methidathion and permethrin. the second compared three rates of infective juveniles plus nonionic surfactant with the same three rates of infective juveniles plus a polysaccharide and petroleum spray oil mixture, three rates of fenoxycarb plus petroleum spray oil, and single rates of methidathion and fenoxycarb. Larval mortalities caused by methidathion, permethrin, the highest rate of the nematode, and the two higher rates of fenoxycarb in the first experiment were all significantly higher than the control, with permethrin the most effective treatment. the effect of oil on mortality was ambiguous, and the percentage of mined leaves in all sprayed treatments did not differ significantly from the control. In the second experiment larval mortalities were only significantly higher than in the control in the fenoxycarb and methidathion treatments. However, with the exception of the nematode/surfactant and methidathion treatments, the number of mines per leaf in all sprayed treatments was significantly lower than in the control. Similar differences were recorded for percentage of mined leaves. In the nematode/polysaccharide/oil treatments these effects were not related to nematode concentration indicating a controlling effect of the polysaccharide/oil mixture warranting further investigation. We believe these effects on infestation levels were more important than any effect on larval mortality.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In the first experiment, methidathion increased leafminer larval mortality over control.
- Treatment
- methidathione0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrella
Phyllocnistis citrellae1pest - Outcome
- Larval mortalitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval mortalities caused by methidathion, permethrin, the highest rate of the nematode, and the two higher rates of fenoxycarb in the first experiment were all significantly higher than the control”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first experiment, permethrin increased leafminer larval mortality over control and was most effective.
- Treatment
- permethrine0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae1pest
- Outcome
- Larval mortalitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval mortalities caused by methidathion, permethrin, the highest rate of the nematode, and the two higher rates of fenoxycarb in the first experiment were all significantly higher than the control, with permethrin the most effective treatment.”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first experiment, the highest nematode rate increased leafminer larval mortality over control.
- Treatment
- highest rate of the nematodee0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae2pest
- Second interactor
- Steinernema carpocapsae
Steinernema carpocapsaee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Larval mortalitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval mortalities caused by methidathion, permethrin, the highest rate of the nematode, and the two higher rates of fenoxycarb in the first experiment were all significantly higher than the control”
e1“entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae”
e2“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first experiment, the two higher fenoxycarb rates increased larval mortality.
- Treatment
- two higher rates of fenoxycarbe0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae1pest
- Outcome
- Larval mortalitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval mortalities caused by methidathion, permethrin, the highest rate of the nematode, and the two higher rates of fenoxycarb in the first experiment were all significantly higher than the control”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
The oil effect on leafminer mortality was ambiguous.
- Treatment
- oile0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Qualifier
- ambiguouse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of oil on mortality was ambiguous”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first experiment, sprayed treatments did not significantly change percentage of mined leaves.
- Treatment
- all sprayed treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage of mined leavese0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of mined leaves in all sprayed treatments did not differ significantly from the control”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second experiment, fenoxycarb increased larval mortality over control.
- Treatment
- fenoxycarbe0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae1pest
- Outcome
- larval mortalitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second experiment larval mortalities were only significantly higher than in the control in the fenoxycarb and methidathion treatments.”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second experiment, methidathion increased larval mortality over control.
- Treatment
- methidathione0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae1pest
- Outcome
- larval mortalitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second experiment larval mortalities were only significantly higher than in the control in the fenoxycarb and methidathion treatments.”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second experiment, sprayed treatments other than nematode/surfactant and methidathion reduced mines per leaf.
- Treatment
- all sprayed treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae1pest
- Outcome
- number of mines per leafe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of the nematode/surfactant and methidathion treatmentse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the exception of the nematode/surfactant and methidathion treatments, the number of mines per leaf in all sprayed treatments was significantly lower than in the control”
e1“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
The second experiment found similar reductions in percentage of mined leaves.
- Treatment
- all sprayed treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae2pest
- Outcome
- percentage of mined leavese0
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- with the exception of the nematode/surfactant and methidathion treatmentse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar differences were recorded for percentage of mined leaves.”
e1“with the exception of the nematode/surfactant and methidathion treatments, the number of mines per leaf in all sprayed treatments was significantly lower than in the control”
e2“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
Claim · model-written summary
The nematode/polysaccharide/oil infestation effects were unrelated to nematode concentration, suggesting a polysaccharide/oil control effect.
- Treatment
- nematode/polysaccharide/oil treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Phyllocnistis citrellaPhyllocnistis citrellae2pest
- Outcome
- percentage of mined leavese0
- Direction
- not relatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar differences were recorded for percentage of mined leaves.”
e1“In the nematode/polysaccharide/oil treatments these effects were not related to nematode concentration indicating a controlling effect of the polysaccharide/oil mixture”
e2“citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella”
The same questions in other papers
application · Phyllocnistis citrella · CitrusResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.