Abstract
The effects of cultivation and herbicide use to control weeds in wheat on wheat growth, the severity of take-all, and the incidence of rhizoctonia root rot were studied for 2 seasons. Preseason treatments were no weed control, paraquat (0.20 kg a.i./ha), glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha or 4 applications of 0.72 kg a.i./ha), and heavy grazing. In-crop treatments were cultivation plus trifluralin, direct drilling plus chlorsulfuron, and direct drilling alone. At the site, take-all was the main disease while rhizoctonia root rot was relatively minor. Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./ha over the previous spring and summer led to greater wheat dry matter (DM) production, significantly (P<0.05) less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the first year than the other preseason treatments. Spraytopping with glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha) or paraquat (0.20 kg a.i./ha) and heavy grazing reduced take-all severity but not the incidence of rhizoctonia root rot. Conventional cultivation resulted in more wheat DM, significantly less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot than direct drilling. Grain yields reflected the trends of the DM production despite severe yield loss due to head frosting. Plots were split for cultivation and direct drilling in the second year. The highest wheat DM and grain yields were in the cultivated treatments but the effects of cultivation on take-all did not carry over from the first year. In both years, take-all was most severe in the control treatment and least severe in the treatment with the high rate of glyphosate (P<0.05). In the second wheat crop, however, take-all severity was similar in the 2 glyphosate, paraquat, and grazed treatments. The effect of a weed-free fallow obtained by use of a high rate of glyphosate was nullified in the second wheat crop because of a high carryover of volunteer wheat seedlings during the intervening wet summer. There was also a greater incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the control than in the other treatments, and cultivation again reduced disease incidence compared with direct drilling.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Take-all was the main disease at the wheat site, with relatively minor rhizoctonia root rot.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- take-all was the main disease while rhizoctonia root rot was relatively minore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the site, take-all was the main disease while rhizoctonia root rot was relatively minor”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate repeated glyphosate increased wheat dry matter in year one versus other preseason treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- wheat dry matter (DM) productione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other preseason treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./ha over the previous spring and summer led to greater wheat dry matter (DM) production, significantly (P<0.05) less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the first year than the other preseason treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate repeated glyphosate significantly reduced take-all severity in year one.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Comparator
- other preseason treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./ha over the previous spring and summer led to greater wheat dry matter (DM) production, significantly (P<0.05) less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the first year than the other preseason treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate repeated glyphosate lowered rhizoctonia root rot incidence in year one.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- incidence of rhizoctonia root rote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other preseason treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./ha over the previous spring and summer led to greater wheat dry matter (DM) production, significantly (P<0.05) less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the first year than the other preseason treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-rate glyphosate spraytopping reduced take-all severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha)e0
- Outcome
- take-all severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraytopping with glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha) or paraquat (0.20 kg a.i./ha) and heavy grazing reduced take-all severity but not the incidence of rhizoctonia root rot”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat spraytopping reduced take-all severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- paraquat (0.20 kg a.i./ha)e0
- Outcome
- take-all severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraytopping with glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha) or paraquat (0.20 kg a.i./ha) and heavy grazing reduced take-all severity but not the incidence of rhizoctonia root rot”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy grazing reduced take-all severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- heavy grazinge0
- Outcome
- take-all severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heavy grazing reduced take-all severity but not the incidence of rhizoctonia root rot”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional cultivation increased wheat dry matter versus direct drilling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Conventional cultivatione0
- Outcome
- wheat DMe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- direct drillinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional cultivation resulted in more wheat DM, significantly less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot than direct drilling”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional cultivation significantly reduced take-all severity versus direct drilling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Conventional cultivatione0
- Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Comparator
- direct drillinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional cultivation resulted in more wheat DM, significantly less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot than direct drilling”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional cultivation lowered rhizoctonia root rot incidence versus direct drilling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Conventional cultivatione0
- Outcome
- incidence of rhizoctonia root rote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- direct drillinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional cultivation resulted in more wheat DM, significantly less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot than direct drilling”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivated treatments had the highest wheat dry matter and grain yields in year two.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- cultivated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- wheat DM and grain yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest wheat DM and grain yields were in the cultivated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation effect on take-all did not persist into the second year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- cultivatione0
- Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- did not carry overe0
- Comparator
- first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of cultivation on take-all did not carry over from the first year”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Take-all was most severe in controls and least severe under high-rate glyphosate in both years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- high rate of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- least severee0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both years, take-all was most severe in the control treatment and least severe in the treatment with the high rate of glyphosate (P<0.05)”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second wheat crop, take-all severity was similar across glyphosate, paraquat, and grazed treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 glyphosate, paraquat, and grazed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- take-all severitye0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second wheat crop, however, take-all severity was similar in the 2 glyphosate, paraquat, and grazed treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer wheat carryover nullified the second-crop benefit of the high-rate glyphosate weed-free fallow.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- high rate of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- effect of a weed-free fallowe0
- Direction
- nullifiede0
- Qualifier
- high carryover of volunteer wheat seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of a weed-free fallow obtained by use of a high rate of glyphosate was nullified in the second wheat crop because of a high carryover of volunteer wheat seedlings during the intervening wet summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had greater rhizoctonia root rot incidence than other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- incidence of rhizoctonia root rote0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the control than in the other treatments”
e1“in wheat on wheat growth”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.