Abstract
There is a need for management practices in cropping systems that can reduce the impact of plant diseases. Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr to determine the influence of tillage, N fertilization, and cultivar on disease severity in a long‐term cropping system project, which included two cropping systems {spring wheat (SWF)–fallow and annual cropping [spring wheat (SWA)–winter wheat (WWA)–sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)]}. The major leaf spot diseases were tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch. In low precipitation years, the impacts of management practices on leaf spot disease severity were minimal. No‐till (NT) did not consistently increase the severity of leaf spot diseases. During the drier years, NT had the advantage of conserving soil water while not increasing the risk to leaf spot diseases. When N treatments influenced leaf spot disease severity, higher levels of disease severity were associated with the low‐N fertilizer treatment compared with higher levels of N fertilization. When a tillage × N treatment interaction was significant, disease severity was higher with NT at the low N treatment, but at the high N treatment the differences among tillage treatments were greatly reduced or eliminated. This indicates an advantage of using adequate N fertilizer especially with NT under our environmental conditions. When differences in leaf spot diseases for cultivars were evident, Roughrider winter wheat had higher levels of disease severity compared with Norstar; however, the differences between the spring wheat cultivars Butte86 and Stoa were not consistent for both cropping systems. Producers should integrate a combination of management practices to develop a consistent long‐term strategy for disease management suited to their production system and location.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In low precipitation years, management practices had minimal impact on leaf spot disease severity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- management practicese1
- Outcome
- leaf spot disease severitye1
- Direction
- minimale1
- Qualifier
- In low precipitation yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e1“In low precipitation years, the impacts of management practices on leaf spot disease severity were minimal”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till did not consistently increase leaf spot disease severity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NTe1
- Outcome
- severity of leaf spot diseasese1
- Direction
- did not consistently increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e1“did not consistently increase the severity of leaf spot diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
During drier years, no-till conserved soil water in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NTe2
- Outcome
- soil watere2
- Direction
- conservinge2
- Qualifier
- During the drier yearse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e2“During the drier years, NT had the advantage of conserving soil water while not increasing the risk to leaf spot diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
During drier years, no-till did not increase the risk to leaf spot diseases in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NTe2
- Outcome
- risk to leaf spot diseasese2
- Direction
- not increasinge2
- Qualifier
- During the drier yearse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e2“During the drier years, NT had the advantage of conserving soil water while not increasing the risk to leaf spot diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen fertilizer treatment was associated with higher leaf spot disease severity in wheat than higher N fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmente3
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- higher levels of N fertilizatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e1“higher levels of disease severity were associated with the”
e3“fertilizer treatment compared with higher levels of N fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
With no-till at the low N treatment, disease severity was higher in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NTe4
- Outcome
- disease severitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- at the low N treatmente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e4“disease severity was higher with NT at the low N treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
At the high N treatment, differences among tillage treatments in wheat disease severity were greatly reduced or eliminated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- high N treatmente5
- Outcome
- differences among tillage treatmentse5
- Direction
- greatly reduced or eliminatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e5“at the high N treatment the differences among tillage treatments were greatly reduced or eliminated”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate nitrogen fertilizer gives wheat an advantage under no-till in these conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- using adequate N fertilizere6
- Qualifier
- under our environmental conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e6“This indicates an advantage of using adequate N fertilizer especially with NT under our environmental conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Roughrider winter wheat had higher leaf spot disease severity than Norstar.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Roughrider winter wheate7
- Outcome
- disease severitye7
- Direction
- higher levelse7
- Comparator
- Norstare7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e7“Roughrider winter wheat had higher levels of disease severity compared with Norstar”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in leaf spot disease between spring wheat cultivars Butte86 and Stoa were not consistent across both cropping systems.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Butte86 and Stoae1
- Outcome
- differences between the spring wheat cultivarse1
- Direction
- were not consistente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the differences between the spring wheat cultivars Butte86 and Stoa were not consistent for both cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Producers should combine management practices into a consistent long-term strategy for wheat disease management.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- strategy for disease managemente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spot diseases on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr”
e1“Producers should integrate a combination of management practices to develop a consistent long‐term strategy for disease management”
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See all 142 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.