Abstract
Soil tillage and crop rotation are considered important tools in wheat leaf disease control; however, the results of investigations are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the soil tillage system and cropping sequence on the development of winter wheat leaf diseases in 2012–2017. The disease development was assessed in a two-factor experiment: (a) soil tillage system; and (b) crop rotation. Foliar fungicides were used uniformly in all variants. The results showed that tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) dominated in 2012, 2013, and 2016, but the level of Septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) was essentially lower and exceeded the severity of tan spot only in 2015. The agronomic practice used significantly influenced only the development of tan spot. Reduced soil tillage and continuous wheat sowing substantially increased tan spot severity, especially when both practices were used simultaneously. Short crop rotation (only wheat and oilseed rape) provided sufficient control of tan spot in ploughed fields, whereas in non-ploughed fields, the level of this disease did not decrease. The results could be explained by differences in the pathogens’ life cycle: P. tritici-repentis ascospores in wheat debris is the main source of infection; in contrast, Z. tritici spreads by conidia from living plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Tan spot dominated in 2012, 2013, and 2016.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
Pyrenophora tritici-repentise0pathogen - Outcome
- tan spote0
- Setting
- 2012, 2013, and 2016e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) dominated in 2012, 2013, and 2016”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Septoria tritici blotch was generally less severe and exceeded tan spot only in 2015.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Zymoseptoria tritici
Zymoseptoria triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- level of Septoria tritici blotche0
- Direction
- essentially lowere0
- Qualifier
- only in 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of Septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) was essentially lower and exceeded the severity of tan spot only in 2015”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic practice significantly influenced only tan spot development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- agronomic practicee0
- Interactor
- tan spote0pathogen
- Outcome
- development of tan spote0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The agronomic practice used significantly influenced only the development of tan spot”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced soil tillage substantially increased tan spot severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Reduced soil tillagee0
- Interactor
- tan spote0pathogen
- Outcome
- tan spot severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced soil tillage and continuous wheat sowing substantially increased tan spot severity, especially when both practices were used simultaneously”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous wheat sowing substantially increased tan spot severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- continuous wheat sowinge0
- Interactor
- tan spote0pathogen
- Outcome
- tan spot severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced soil tillage and continuous wheat sowing substantially increased tan spot severity, especially when both practices were used simultaneously”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined reduced tillage and continuous wheat sowing especially increased tan spot severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- both practicese0
- Interactor
- tan spote0pathogen
- Outcome
- tan spot severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially when both practices were used simultaneouslye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced soil tillage and continuous wheat sowing substantially increased tan spot severity, especially when both practices were used simultaneously”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Short wheat and oilseed rape rotation controlled tan spot in ploughed fields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Short crop rotatione0
- Interactor
- tan spote0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of tan spote0
- Direction
- controle0
- Setting
- ploughed fieldse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short crop rotation (only wheat and oilseed rape) provided sufficient control of tan spot in ploughed fields”
Claim · model-written summary
In non-ploughed fields, short rotation did not decrease tan spot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- level of this diseasee0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
- Setting
- non-ploughed fieldse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in non-ploughed fields, the level of this disease did not decrease”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the difference to P. tritici-repentis ascospores in wheat debris as the main infection source.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise0pathogen
- Outcome
- source of infectione0
- Qualifier
- ascospores in wheat debrise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. tritici-repentis ascospores in wheat debris is the main source of infection”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors contrast Z. tritici dispersal by conidia from living plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Z. triticiZymoseptoria triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- spreads by conidia from living plantse0
- Qualifier
- conidia from living plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z. tritici spreads by conidia from living plants”
t0“Wheat”
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