Abstract
Producers in the northern plains are diversifying and intensifying traditional wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)‐based cropping systems by reducing summer fallow and including legume and oilseed crops. This study examined the influence of diversification and intensification on spring wheat yield and quality and associated insects, diseases, and weeds. Research was conducted during the 1998 through 2000 period in farm fields in north central Montana. Conventional rotations included either hard red spring wheat–spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)–fallow or spring wheat–fallow. Diversified rotations included replacement of fallow with either annual pulse crops or cool‐season oilseeds. Preplant soil water was less in diversified rotations, but residual nitrate was not influenced by rotation type. Insect pests and beneficial arthropods were in greater numbers in conventional rotations. Incidence and severity of crown and root rots of wheat were similar between rotation types, but foliar leaf spot diseases were greater for wheat in conventional rotations. Weed densities were not influenced by rotation type. Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations. Spring wheat in diversified rotations had greater drought stress. Diversification and intensification of spring wheat systems may reduce pests and decrease wheat productivity, particularly when precipitation is inadequate.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant soil water was lower in diversified rotations than in conventional rotations.
- Taxon
- Spring wheat
Triticum aestivume5 - Treatment
- diversified rotationse1
- Outcome
- Preplant soil watere1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- conventional rotationse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Preplant soil water was less in diversified rotations, but residual nitrate was not influenced by rotation type”
e2“Insect pests and beneficial arthropods were in greater numbers in conventional rotations”
e5“Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual nitrate was not influenced by rotation type in spring wheat.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- rotation typee1
- Outcome
- residual nitratee1
- Direction
- not influencede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Preplant soil water was less in diversified rotations, but residual nitrate was not influenced by rotation type”
e5“Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests and beneficial arthropods were present in greater numbers in conventional rotations than in diversified rotations.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- conventional rotationse2
- Interactor
- Insect pestse2pest
- Second interactor
- beneficial arthropodse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- numberse2
- Direction
- greatere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Insect pests and beneficial arthropods were in greater numbers in conventional rotations”
e5“Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Incidence and severity of crown and root rots of wheat were similar between rotation types.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- rotation typese3
- Outcome
- Incidence and severity of crown and root rotse3
- Direction
- similare3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Incidence and severity of crown and root rots of wheat were similar between rotation types, but foliar leaf spot diseases were greater for wheat in conventional rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar leaf spot diseases were greater on wheat in conventional rotations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- conventional rotationse3
- Outcome
- foliar leaf spot diseasese3
- Direction
- greatere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Incidence and severity of crown and root rots of wheat were similar between rotation types, but foliar leaf spot diseases were greater for wheat in conventional rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed densities in spring wheat were not influenced by rotation type.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- rotation typee4
- Outcome
- Weed densitiese4
- Direction
- not influencede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Weed densities were not influenced by rotation type”
e5“Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat yield, tiller density and test weight were greater in conventional rotations.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- conventional rotationse5
- Outcome
- yield, tiller density, and test weighte5
- Direction
- greatere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Spring wheat yield, tiller density, and test weight were greater in conventional rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat in diversified rotations had greater drought stress.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- diversified rotationse6
- Outcome
- drought stresse6
- Direction
- greatere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Spring wheat in diversified rotations had greater drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversification and intensification may decrease wheat productivity, particularly when precipitation is inadequate.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Diversification and intensificatione7
- Outcome
- wheat productivitye7
- Direction
- decreasee7
- Qualifier
- particularly when precipitation is inadequatee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Diversification and intensification of spring wheat systems may reduce pests and decrease wheat productivity, particularly when precipitation is inadequate”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversification and intensification may reduce pests in spring wheat systems.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Diversification and intensificatione7
- Outcome
- pestse7
- Direction
- reducee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Diversification and intensification of spring wheat systems may reduce pests and decrease wheat productivity, particularly when precipitation is inadequate”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.