Abstract
Mulching effects of sawdust, ash, rice straw and water hyacinth on the morpho-physiological differentation of maize (Zea mays L.) and to relate these with soil environment were described. Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches had significant promotive effects on shoot elongation, root penetration, LAI and DM accumulation. All mulches conserved soil moisture but water hyacinth and rice straw retained comparatively greater amount. Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches reduced soil temperature fluctuations in all soil depths (5 to 15 cm) and retained higher soil temperatures at the early hours of the day (02 to 06 hrs) which were considered to be the decisive factor for the rapid development of maize plants. Sawdust mulch due to the lower soil temperature had retardive effects on all morpho-physiological attributes. Ash mulch ranked intermediate between the rice straw or water hyacinth and the control.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water hyacinth mulch promoted maize shoot elongation, root penetration, LAI and dry matter accumulation.
- Treatment
- Water hyacinthe0
- Outcome
- shoot elongation, root penetration, LAI and DM accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotivee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches had significant promotive effects on shoot elongation, root penetration, LAI and DM accumulation.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch promoted maize shoot elongation, root penetration, LAI and dry matter accumulation.
- Treatment
- rice strawe0
- Outcome
- shoot elongation, root penetration, LAI and DM accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches had significant promotive effects on shoot elongation, root penetration, LAI and DM accumulation.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
All mulches conserved soil moisture.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All mulches conserved soil moisture but water hyacinth and rice straw retained comparatively greater amount.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches retained more soil moisture than other mulches.
- Treatment
- water hyacinth and rice strawe0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- All mulchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All mulches conserved soil moisture but water hyacinth and rice straw retained comparatively greater amount.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Water hyacinth mulch reduced soil temperature fluctuations at 5 to 15 cm and retained higher early morning soil temperatures.
- Treatment
- Water hyacinthe0
- Outcome
- soil temperature fluctuationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 5 to 15 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches reduced soil temperature fluctuations in all soil depths (5 to 15 cm) and retained higher soil temperatures at the early hours of the day (02 to 06 hrs)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch reduced soil temperature fluctuations at 5 to 15 cm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches reduced soil temperature fluctuations in all soil depths (5 to 15 cm) and retained higher soil temperatures at the early hours of the day (02 to 06 hrs)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Water hyacinth mulch retained higher soil temperatures in the early hours.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches reduced soil temperature fluctuations in all soil depths (5 to 15 cm) and retained higher soil temperatures at the early hours of the day (02 to 06 hrs)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch retained higher soil temperatures in the early hours.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water hyacinth and rice straw mulches reduced soil temperature fluctuations in all soil depths (5 to 15 cm) and retained higher soil temperatures at the early hours of the day (02 to 06 hrs)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower soil temperature under sawdust mulch retarded maize morphophysiological attributes.
- Treatment
- Sawdust mulche0
- Outcome
- all morpho-physiological attributese0
- Direction
- retardivee0
- Qualifier
- lower soil temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sawdust mulch due to the lower soil temperature had retardive effects on all morpho-physiological attributes.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash mulch ranked between rice straw or water hyacinth mulch and the control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ash mulch ranked intermediate between the rice straw or water hyacinth and the control.”
t0“Maize”
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