Abstract
Dry season (boro) rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in coastal areas of India, but little attention has been devoted to optimize crop and resource management for this important ecosystem. Four methods of crop establishment were tested on puddled soil: direct sowing of pre‐germinated seeds with drum seeder, transplanting 12‐ and 18‐d‐old seedlings and conventional transplanting of 25‐d‐old seedlings (farmers’ practice). Three nutrient treatments were also evaluated: recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF; 120–20–0 kg N–P 2 O 5 –K 2 O ha −1 ), RDF + Azolla (2 t ha −1 ) and RDF + 5 t ha −1 of farmyard manure (FYM). Azolla is a N‐rich freshwater fern that can be produced in ponds and ditches. Drum‐seeding increased plant height, tiller number, leaf area index, and net photosynthetic rate. Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting. Grain yield was 34, 37, and 38% higher compared with 12‐, 18‐, and 25‐d‐old transplanted seedlings, respectively. Seedling age at transplanting did not affect grain yield, but the benefit/cost ratio (BCR) (1.94) was higher with drum seeding than with transplanting. Grain and straw yields under RDF + FYM were, respectively, 24 and 21% higher than RDF, but were only 11 and 12% higher compared with RDF + Azolla treatment. Integrated management practices combining a salt‐tolerant variety (Canning 7) with drum seeding and nutrient management that include chemical and organic fertilizers could enhance the productivity of boro rice in saline coastal soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding increased plant height, tiller number, and leaf area index.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Drum‐seedinge0
- Outcome
- plant height, tiller number, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- transplantinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drum‐seeding increased plant height, tiller number, leaf area index, and net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
e1“Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding increased net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Drum‐seedinge0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- transplantinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drum‐seeding increased plant height, tiller number, leaf area index, and net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
e1“Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding yielded 4.85 t ha −1 grain and exceeded transplanting significantly.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drum seedinge0
- Outcome
- Graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.85e0
- Comparator
- transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding yielded 8.13 t ha −1 straw and exceeded transplanting significantly.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drum seedinge0
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.13 t ha −1e0
- Comparator
- transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding raised grain yield 34% versus 12 day seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drum seedinge1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34e0
- Comparator
- 12‐e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was 34, 37, and 38% higher compared with 12‐, 18‐, and 25‐d‐old transplanted seedlings, respectively.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
e1“Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding raised grain yield 37% versus 18 day seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drum seedinge1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 37e0
- Comparator
- 18‐e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was 34, 37, and 38% higher compared with 12‐, 18‐, and 25‐d‐old transplanted seedlings, respectively.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
e1“Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding raised grain yield 38% versus 25 day seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drum seedinge1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- 25‐d‐old transplanted seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was 34, 37, and 38% higher compared with 12‐, 18‐, and 25‐d‐old transplanted seedlings, respectively.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
e1“Grain and straw yields (4.85 and 8.13 t ha −1 , respectively) were significantly higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling age at transplanting did not affect grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Seedling age at transplantinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling age at transplanting did not affect grain yield,”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Drum seeding had higher benefit cost ratio, 1.94, than transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drum seedinge0
- Outcome
- benefit/cost ratio (BCR)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.94e0
- Comparator
- transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the benefit/cost ratio (BCR) (1.94) was higher with drum seeding than with transplanting.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF plus FYM raised grain yield 24% versus RDF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and straw yields under RDF + FYM were, respectively, 24 and 21% higher than RDF,”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF plus FYM raised straw yield 21% versus RDF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RDF + FYMe0
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain and straw yields under RDF + FYM were, respectively, 24 and 21% higher than RDF,”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF plus FYM raised grain yield 11% versus RDF plus Azolla.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RDF + FYMe1
- Outcome
- Graine1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11e0
- Comparator
- RDF + Azolla treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but were only 11 and 12% higher compared with RDF + Azolla treatment.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
e1“Grain and straw yields under RDF + FYM were, respectively, 24 and 21% higher than RDF,”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF plus FYM raised straw yield 12% versus RDF plus Azolla.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RDF + FYMe1
- Outcome
- straw yieldse1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- RDF + Azolla treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but were only 11 and 12% higher compared with RDF + Azolla treatment.”
t0“Dry Season (Boro) Rice”
e1“Grain and straw yields under RDF + FYM were, respectively, 24 and 21% higher than RDF,”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Canning 7 with drum seeding and combined fertilizers to improve productivity.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated management practices combining a salt‐tolerant variety (Canning 7) with drum seeding and nutrient management that include chemical and organic fertilizers could enhance the productivity of boro rice in saline coastal soils.”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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