Abstract
Black rot of cantaloupe fruit, caused by Didymella bryoniae, can be severe when environmental conditions and fruit developmental stages are favorable for infection. Symptoms of black rot on cantaloupe fruit varied greatly depending on fruit age. The black rot phase was observed only on mature fruit. Inoculation of cantaloupe fruit at different developmental stages with five D. bryoniae isolates resulted in the greatest amount of decay on 10-day-old fruit compared with 20-, 30-, 40-, or 50-day-old fruit. There was no difference in lesion size among 20-, 30-, 40-, or 50-day-old fruit, although there was variation in lesion size among fungal isolates. Five fungal isolates all produced the greatest polygalacturonase (PG) activity in inoculated 10-day-old fruit compared with 20-, 30-, 40- or 50-day-old fruit. There was a positive correlation between lesion size and total fungal PG activity in decayed tissue. Using a representative D. bryoniae isolate (OK 963096), multiple PG isozymes were detected in both fungal shake culture and decayed fruit. Eleven PG isozymes (pI 4.7 to 7.9) were detected from fungal shake culture using pectin or polygalacturonic acid as the sole carbon source. Twelve PG isozymes (pI 4.7 to 8.7) were detected from decayed tissue of 10-day-old fruit, and 13 PG isozymes (pI 4.2 to 8.7) were observed from decayed tissue of 50-day-old fruit. The activity of D. bryoniae PG produced in vitro and in vivo was optimum at pH 5.0 and 5.5, respectively. The activity of the fungal PG produced in vitro exhibited primarily an endo-mode of action. In contrast, PG extracted from decayed tissue was predominately exo-PG. Thus, PG may play an important role in pathogenesis of D. bryoniae during cantaloupe fruit decay.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Black rot symptoms varied with cantaloupe fruit age.
- Taxon
- cantaloupe
Cucumis melo var. cantalupoe0 - Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Interactor
- Didymella bryoniae
Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume1pathogen - Outcome
- Symptoms of black rote0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms of black rot on cantaloupe fruit varied greatly depending on fruit age”
e1“caused by Didymella bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Black rot occurred only on mature fruit.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Organ / stage
- mature fruite0
- Interactor
- Didymella bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- black rot phase was observed only on mature fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The black rot phase was observed only on mature fruit”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“caused by Didymella bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated 10-day-old cantaloupe fruit had the greatest decay relative to older fruit.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe0
- Organ / stage
- 10-day-old fruite0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of cantaloupe fruit at different developmental stages with five D. bryoniae isolatese0
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- amount of decaye0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- 20-, 30-, 40-, or 50-day-old fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of cantaloupe fruit at different developmental stages with five D. bryoniae isolates resulted in the greatest amount of decay on 10-day-old fruit compared with 20-, 30-, 40-, or 50-day-old fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion size did not differ among 20-, 30-, 40- and 50-day-old fruit.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Organ / stage
- 20-, 30-, 40-, or 50-day-old fruite0
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in lesion size among 20-, 30-, 40-, or 50-day-old fruit”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“D. bryoniae isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion size varied among fungal isolates.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was variation in lesion size among fungal isolates”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“D. bryoniae isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
All five isolates had greatest PG activity in inoculated 10-day-old fruit.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- polygalacturonase (PG) activitye0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- 20-, 30-, 40- or 50-day-old fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five fungal isolates all produced the greatest polygalacturonase (PG) activity in inoculated 10-day-old fruit compared with 20-, 30-, 40- or 50-day-old fruit”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“D. bryoniae isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion size and total fungal PG activity were positively correlated.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Gene
- fungal PGe0
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a positive correlation between lesion size and total fungal PG activity in decayed tissue”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“D. bryoniae isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven PG isozymes were detected in fungal shake culture.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- PG isozymese0
- Value
- Elevene0
- Qualifier
- pI 4.7 to 7.9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eleven PG isozymes (pI 4.7 to 7.9) were detected from fungal shake culture using pectin or polygalacturonic acid as the sole carbon source”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“a representative D. bryoniae isolate (OK 963096)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve PG isozymes were detected in decayed 10-day-old fruit.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- PG isozymese0
- Value
- Twelvee0
- Qualifier
- pI 4.7 to 8.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twelve PG isozymes (pI 4.7 to 8.7) were detected from decayed tissue of 10-day-old fruit”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“a representative D. bryoniae isolate (OK 963096)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen PG isozymes were detected in decayed 50-day-old fruit.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Outcome
- PG isozymese0
- Value
- 13e0
- Qualifier
- pI 4.2 to 8.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13 PG isozymes (pI 4.2 to 8.7) were observed from decayed tissue of 50-day-old fruit”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“a representative D. bryoniae isolate (OK 963096)”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro fungal PG activity was optimum at pH 5.0.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- activity of D. bryoniae PGe0
- Value
- pH 5.0e0
- Qualifier
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of D. bryoniae PG produced in vitro and in vivo was optimum at pH 5.0 and 5.5, respectively”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
In vivo fungal PG activity was optimum at pH 5.5.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- activity of D. bryoniae PGe0
- Value
- pH 5.0 and 5.5e0
- Qualifier
- in vivoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of D. bryoniae PG produced in vitro and in vivo was optimum at pH 5.0 and 5.5, respectively”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro PG primarily had an endo mode of action.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Gene
- fungal PGe0
- Outcome
- primarily an endo-mode of actione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fungal PG produced in vitro exhibited primarily an endo-mode of action”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“D. bryoniae PG”
Claim · model-written summary
PG from decayed tissue was predominantly exo-PG.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe1
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume2pathogen
- Gene
- PGe0
- Outcome
- predominately exo-PGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PG extracted from decayed tissue was predominately exo-PG”
e1“Black rot of cantaloupe fruit”
e2“D. bryoniae PG”
Claim · model-written summary
PG may contribute to D. bryoniae pathogenesis during cantaloupe decay.
- Taxon
- cantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupoe0
- Interactor
- D. bryoniaeStagonosporopsis cucurbitacearume0pathogen
- Gene
- PGe0
- Outcome
- cantaloupe fruit decaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PG may play an important role in pathogenesis of D. bryoniae during cantaloupe fruit decay”
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