Abstract
Under acid soil condition, rhizotoxic ions such as aluminum and protons cause severe yield loss in food and biomass production via inhibition of root growth and/or enhancement of sensitivity to drought stress. Therefore, improvement of crop tolerance to rhizotoxic ions would be an important target for crop breeding, and identification of key genes that regulate tolerance to both aluminum and proton ions should provide a solution to this limitation. We recently isolated a mutant that shows hyper-sensitivity to protons in root growth, namely stop1 (sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity). The stop1 mutant was isolated from an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenized population by measuring root growth under low pH (pH 4.3). Interestingly, stop1 also shows hypersensitivity to aluminum ion, but not to other rhizotoxic ions. Cloning of the STOP1 gene revealed that it encodes a Cys2/His2 zinc-finger type transcription factor, and a conserved His residue was replaced with Tyr in the predicted amino acid sequence for the mutant gene. This indicates that STOP1 is involved in the signal transduction pathway of proton and aluminum tolerance. Indeed, under acidic condition, stop1 failed to induce the AtALMT1 gene, which encodes one of the major factors for aluminum tolerance. By searching a public database, we have identified genes homologous to STOP1 in rice, maize and some other plants. Thus, the STOP1 family genes may act as a key factor for acid tolerance in a wide variety of plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The stop1 mutant is hypersensitive to protons in root growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- stop1e0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- protonse0
- Outcome
- hyper-sensitivity to protons in root growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mutant that shows hyper-sensitivity to protons in root growth, namely stop1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The stop1 mutant also shows hypersensitivity to aluminum ion.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- stop1e0
- Treatment
- aluminum ione0
- Outcome
- hypersensitivity to aluminum ione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stop1 also shows hypersensitivity to aluminum ion”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The stop1 mutant does not show hypersensitivity to other rhizotoxic ions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- other rhizotoxic ionse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not to other rhizotoxic ions”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
STOP1 encodes a Cys2/His2 zinc finger transcription factor.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- STOP1e0
- Outcome
- Cys2/His2 zinc-finger type transcription factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the STOP1 gene revealed that it encodes a Cys2/His2 zinc-finger type transcription factor”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
A conserved histidine residue is replaced with tyrosine in mutant STOP1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- mutant genee0
- Gene
- STOP1t0
- Outcome
- His residue was replaced with Tyre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a conserved His residue was replaced with Tyr in the predicted amino acid sequence for the mutant gene”
t0“STOP1, a Cys2/His2 type zinc-finger protein, plays critical role in acid soil tolerance in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Under acidic conditions, stop1 failed to induce AtALMT1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- stop1e0
- Treatment
- acidic conditione0
- Gene
- AtALMT1e0
- Outcome
- failed to induce the AtALMT1 genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under acidic condition, stop1 failed to induce the AtALMT1 gene”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes homologous to STOP1 were identified in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Gene
- STOP1e0
- Outcome
- genes homologous to STOP1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified genes homologous to STOP1 in rice, maize and some other plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes homologous to STOP1 were identified in maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified genes homologous to STOP1 in rice, maize and some other plants”