Abstract
Corn ( Zea mays L.) stover removal for biofuel production is expected to increase in the near future. Previous research suggests stover removal is best suited to continuous corn (CC) cropping systems with reduced tillage. However, grain yields in reduced tillage CC systems in the Upper Midwest can be reduced because of cool soil temperatures restricting early‐season growth. Field experiments were conducted over 3 yr at two locations in southern Minnesota with medium‐ and fine‐textured soils to assess the agronomic responses of CC to stover removal, tillage system, and fertilizer N rate. Stover removal and/or tillage increased soil temperature by as much as 4°C, and differences among treatments generally existed until canopy closure. Corn emergence was 6% greater with stover removal in no‐tillage (NT), but was not affected by stover removal in chisel‐tillage (CT) and strip‐tillage (ST). Stover removal increased normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) at the eight leaf collar stage (V8) by 20 and 13% in NT and ST, respectively, but had no effect on NDVI in CT. Stover removal decreased the economically optimum N rate (EONR) by >12 and >19 kg N ha –1 in NT and ST, respectively, and increased grain yield at the EONR by 7, 9, and 6% in CT, NT, and ST, respectively. These results indicate stover removal can improve short‐term agronomic productivity of moderate‐ to high‐yielding CC on productive soils in the Upper Midwest.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal and/or tillage raised soil temperature by up to 4°C.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Stover removal and/or tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stover removal and/or tillage increased soil temperature by as much as 4°C”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal increased corn emergence by 6% under no-tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- stover removale0
- Outcome
- Corn emergencee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- no‐tillage (NT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn emergence was 6% greater with stover removal in no‐tillage (NT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal did not affect emergence under chisel or strip tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- stover removale0
- Outcome
- emergencee1
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- chisel‐tillage (CT) and strip‐tillage (ST)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was not affected by stover removal in chisel‐tillage (CT) and strip‐tillage (ST)”
e1“Corn emergence was 6% greater with stover removal in no‐tillage (NT)”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal increased NDVI at V8 by 20% under no-tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- eight leaf collar stage (V8)e0
- Treatment
- Stover removale0
- Outcome
- normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20e0
- Qualifier
- NTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stover removal increased normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) at the eight leaf collar stage (V8) by 20 and 13% in NT and ST, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal increased NDVI at V8 by 13% under strip tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- eight leaf collar stage (V8)e0
- Treatment
- Stover removale0
- Outcome
- normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- STe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stover removal increased normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) at the eight leaf collar stage (V8) by 20 and 13% in NT and ST, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal had no effect on NDVI under chisel tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Stover removale1
- Outcome
- NDVIe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- CTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but had no effect on NDVI in CT”
e1“Stover removal increased normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal lowered EONR by more than 12 kg N ha –1 under no-tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Stover removale0
- Outcome
- economically optimum N rate (EONR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- >12e0
- Qualifier
- NTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stover removal decreased the economically optimum N rate (EONR) by >12 and >19 kg N ha –1 in NT and ST, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal lowered EONR by more than 19 kg N ha –1 under strip tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Stover removale0
- Outcome
- economically optimum N rate (EONR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- >19 kg N ha –1e0
- Qualifier
- STe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stover removal decreased the economically optimum N rate (EONR) by >12 and >19 kg N ha –1 in NT and ST, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal increased grain yield at EONR by 7% in chisel tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Stover removale1
- Outcome
- grain yield at the EONRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7e0
- Qualifier
- CTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased grain yield at the EONR by 7, 9, and 6% in CT, NT, and ST, respectively”
e1“Stover removal decreased the economically optimum N rate (EONR)”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal increased grain yield at EONR by 9% in no-tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Stover removale1
- Outcome
- grain yield at the EONRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9e0
- Qualifier
- NTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased grain yield at the EONR by 7, 9, and 6% in CT, NT, and ST, respectively”
e1“Stover removal decreased the economically optimum N rate (EONR)”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover removal increased grain yield at EONR by 6% in strip tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Stover removale1
- Outcome
- grain yield at the EONRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- STe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased grain yield at the EONR by 7, 9, and 6% in CT, NT, and ST, respectively”
e1“Stover removal decreased the economically optimum N rate (EONR)”
t0“Corn”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · soil: physics · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
123 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
148 papers more in this group
See all 152 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.