Abstract
Tropospheric O 3 can cause foliar injury, decreased growth, and decreased yield, whereas CO 2 enrichment generally causes opposite effects. Little is known about plant response to mixtures of O 3 and CO 2 . Open‐top field chambers were used to determine if foliar responses of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to CO 2 enrichment are affected by O 3 stress and vice versa. Plants were grown in 14‐L pots and exposed to four CO 2 and three O 3 concentrations in 12 combinations. The CO 2 treatments were ambient (366 μL − ) and three treatments with CO 2 added for 24 h d 1 at approximately 1.3, 1.6, and 2.0 times ambient. The O 3 treatments were charcoal‐filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and NF with O 3 added for 12 h −1 ( NF+), resulting in seasonal concentrations of approximately 20, 46, and 75 nL L −1 . Foliar effects of CO 2 enrichment were dependent on the amount of stress caused by O 3 . In the CF treatment, plants were not stressed by O 3 , and CO 2 enrichment caused chlorosis and decreased chlorophyll. In the NF and NF+ treatments, plants were stressed by 03, and CO 2 enrichment suppressed chlorosis and increased chlorophyll. Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO 2 caused opposite responses for these measures. Ozone increased foliar S and B but did not affect P or K concentrations. Conversely, CO 2 enrichment suppressed foliar S, B, P, and K concentrations. These interactions between O 3 and CO 2 emphasize a need to consider the amount of plant stress caused by O 3 in studies to measure effects of CO 2 enrichment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
In filtered air CO 2 enrichment caused chlorosis and reduced chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- CO 2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- chlorosis and decreased chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- CF treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the CF treatment, plants were not stressed by O 3 , and CO 2 enrichment caused chlorosis and decreased chlorophyll.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under ozone stress CO 2 enrichment suppressed chlorosis and increased chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- chlorosis and increased chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- NF and NF+ treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the NF and NF+ treatments, plants were stressed by 03, and CO 2 enrichment suppressed chlorosis and increased chlorophyll.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone lowered specific leaf weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- specific leaf weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO 2 caused opposite responses for these measures.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone increased foliar nitrogen and carbon.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- foliar N and Ce0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO 2 caused opposite responses for these measures.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased foliar C/N ratio.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- C/N ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO 2 caused opposite responses for these measures.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CO 2 caused opposite responses to ozone for leaf weight, N, C and C/N.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CO 2e0
- Outcome
- opposite responses for these measurese0
- Direction
- opposite responsese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO 2 caused opposite responses for these measures.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone increased foliar sulfur and boron.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- foliar S and Be0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone increased foliar S and B but did not affect P or K concentrations.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not affect phosphorus or potassium concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- P or K concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone increased foliar S and B but did not affect P or K concentrations.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
CO 2 enrichment suppressed foliar S, B, P and K.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- foliar S, B, P, and K concentrationse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO 2 enrichment suppressed foliar S, B, P, and K concentrations.”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · physiology: pigments · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →ozone · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →ozone · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.