Abstract
Treatments of winter wheat seed with the systemic triazole fungicides triadimenol (31 g a.i./100 kg = Baytan 30F at 1.5 fl oz/cwt) and difenoconazole (24 g a.i./100 kg = Dividend 3FS at 1.0 fl. oz/cwt) were tested for effect on asexual sporulation by Puccinia recondita, Septoria tritici, and Stagonospora nodorum. Spore production was measured on seedlings grown in a growth chamber (24°C day/15°C night, 12-h photoperiod) and inoculated with the pathogens 3, 5, or 7 weeks after sowing. Spore production was converted to a percentage of the non-treated control and regressed against weeks after planting when plants were inoculated. Linear models fit data for both fungicides against all three pathogens. According to the models, difenoconazole suppressed sporulation levels of P. recondita and Septoria tritici to 10% of the levels on plants from non-treated seed for about 3 weeks after sowing. Spore production for all three fungi was suppressed to 25% of the non-treated level for at least 4.2 weeks and to 50% for at least 6.5 weeks. Similarly, triadimenol suppressed all three pathogens to 50% of the non-treated level for at least 3.2 weeks. The two fungicides showed similar effects against S. tritici; however, difenoconazole showed significantly greater suppression of sporulation by P. recondita and Stagonospora nodorum compared with triadimenol. Responses occurred even though large concentrations of spores were used to inoculate plants and environmental conditions were optimized for spore production. Reduced sporulation should help protect fall-planted wheat seedlings and may significantly delay epidemics in the following spring.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Linear models fit the fungicide sporulation data for all three pathogens.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- fit datae0
- Comparator
- both fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Linear models fit data for both fungicides against all three pathogens”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole suppressed P. recondita sporulation to 10% for about three weeks.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee0
- Interactor
- P. recondita
.jpeg?width=60)
Puccinia reconditae0pathogen - Outcome
- sporulation levels of P. reconditae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- about 3 weeks after sowinge0
- Comparator
- non-treated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“difenoconazole suppressed sporulation levels of P. recondita and Septoria tritici to 10% of the levels on plants from non-treated seed for about 3 weeks after sowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole suppressed Septoria tritici sporulation to 10% for about three weeks.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee0
- Interactor
- Septoria tritici
Zymoseptoria triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- sporulation levels of P. recondita and Septoria triticie0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- about 3 weeks after sowinge0
- Comparator
- non-treated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“difenoconazole suppressed sporulation levels of P. recondita and Septoria tritici to 10% of the levels on plants from non-treated seed for about 3 weeks after sowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole suppressed all three fungi to 25% for at least 4.2 weeks.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee1
- Outcome
- Spore production for all three fungie0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- at least 4.2 weekse0
- Comparator
- non-treated levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spore production for all three fungi was suppressed to 25% of the non-treated level for at least 4.2 weeks”
e1“difenoconazole suppressed sporulation levels of P. recondita and Septoria tritici to 10% of the levels on plants from non-treated seed for about 3 weeks after sowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole suppressed all three fungi to 50% for at least 6.5 weeks.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee1
- Outcome
- Spore production for all three fungie0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- at least 6.5 weekse0
- Comparator
- non-treated levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spore production for all three fungi was suppressed to 25% of the non-treated level for at least 4.2 weeks and to 50% for at least 6.5 weeks”
e1“difenoconazole suppressed sporulation levels of P. recondita and Septoria tritici to 10% of the levels on plants from non-treated seed for about 3 weeks after sowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimenol suppressed all three pathogens to 50% for at least 3.2 weeks.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- triadimenole0
- Outcome
- all three pathogense0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- at least 3.2 weekse0
- Comparator
- non-treated levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“triadimenol suppressed all three pathogens to 50% of the non-treated level for at least 3.2 weeks”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicides had similar effects against S. tritici.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- S. triticiZymoseptoria triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- similar effects against S. triticie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two fungicides showed similar effects against S. tritici”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole suppressed P. recondita sporulation more than triadimenol.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee0
- Interactor
- P. reconditaPuccinia reconditae0pathogen
- Outcome
- sporulation by P. reconditae0
- Direction
- greater suppressione0
- Comparator
- triadimenole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“difenoconazole showed significantly greater suppression of sporulation by P. recondita and Stagonospora nodorum compared with triadimenol”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole suppressed Stagonospora nodorum sporulation more than triadimenol.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume0pathogen - Outcome
- sporulation by P. recondita and Stagonospora nodorume0
- Direction
- greater suppressione0
- Comparator
- triadimenole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“difenoconazole showed significantly greater suppression of sporulation by P. recondita and Stagonospora nodorum compared with triadimenol”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
difenoconazole · Parastagonospora nodorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
difenoconazole · Puccinia recondita · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
difenoconazole · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.