Abstract
Six triazole fungicides namely propiconazole (Tilt 25EC), triadimefon (Bayleton 25EC), difenoconazole (score 25EC), mono- and di-potassium salts of phosphorous acid (Topaz), fenarimol (Rubigan 12.5EC) applied @ 0.1%, hexaconazole (Contaf 5EC) @ 0.2% along with mancozeb (Indofil M 45) @ 0.25% were evaluated as foliar sprays for the management of leaf rust (LR) caused by Puccinia recondita, yellow rust (YR) caused by Puccinia striiformis and powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f sp. tritici of wheat using variety sonalika. All the fungicides resulted in statistically lower YR and LR severity as compared with the unsprayed check. The least YR and LR severity (0.6%) was recorded in plots sprayed with difenoconazole (0.1%). Fungicides triadimefon, propiconazole and hexaconazole resulting in more than 85% YR and lR control with statistically higher grain yield compared with the unsprayed check (30.0 q/ha) were highly effective. Fungicide propiconazole sprayed @ 0.1% resulted in the highest mean yield (49.1q/ha) followed by triadimefon(46.9q/ha) and difenoconazole (46.4q/ha) and fenarimol (45.6q/ha). Fungicides propiconazole, hexaconazole, triadimefon and mancozeb 75WP @ 0.25%, evaluated as one and two sprays, resulted in significantly less severity of LR, YR and PM and significantly more yield as compared with no spray check (33.5 and 35.6, q/ha during the years 2000–01 and 2001–02, respectively) except in mancozeb (26.1 and 29.2q/ha, respectively). The highest mean grain yield of 48.3 q/ha was recorded in two sprays of triadimefon followed by 45.8q/ha in propiconazole (0.1%), with corresponding net profit of Rs. 22520 and 19400/ha and cost: benefit ratio of 1:7.6 and 1: 6.9, respectively. Even single spray of hexaconazole, triadimefon and propiconazole resulted in net profit of 13315, 11800 and 11185 with cost: benefit ratio of 1:10.5, 1:7.8 and 1:7.9, respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
All fungicides reduced yellow rust severity relative to the unsprayed check.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- All the fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis
Puccinia striiformise1pathogen - Outcome
- YR and LR severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- unsprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the fungicides resulted in statistically lower YR and LR severity as compared with the unsprayed check.”
e1“yellow rust (YR) caused by Puccinia striiformis”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungicides reduced leaf rust severity relative to the unsprayed check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All the fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Puccinia recondita
.jpeg?width=60)
Puccinia reconditae1pathogen - Outcome
- LR severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- unsprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“All the fungicides resulted in statistically lower YR and LR severity as compared with the unsprayed check.”
e1“leaf rust (LR) caused by Puccinia recondita”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole produced the lowest yellow rust severity of 0.6%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazole (0.1%)e0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformisPuccinia striiformise1pathogen
- Outcome
- YR and LR severitye0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 0.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least YR and LR severity (0.6%) was recorded in plots sprayed with difenoconazole (0.1%).”
e1“yellow rust (YR) caused by Puccinia striiformis”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole produced the lowest leaf rust severity of 0.6%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazole (0.1%)e0
- Interactor
- Puccinia reconditaPuccinia reconditae1pathogen
- Outcome
- LR severitye0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 0.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least YR and LR severity (0.6%) was recorded in plots sprayed with difenoconazole (0.1%).”
e1“leaf rust (LR) caused by Puccinia recondita”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimefon controlled yellow rust by more than 85%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- triadimefone0
- Outcome
- YR and lR controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- more than 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides triadimefon, propiconazole and hexaconazole resulting in more than 85% YR and lR control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole controlled yellow rust by more than 85%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- propiconazolee0
- Outcome
- YR and lR controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- more than 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides triadimefon, propiconazole and hexaconazole resulting in more than 85% YR and lR control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole controlled yellow rust by more than 85%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hexaconazolee0
- Outcome
- YR and lR controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- more than 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides triadimefon, propiconazole and hexaconazole resulting in more than 85% YR and lR control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
These three fungicides controlled leaf rust by more than 85%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- triadimefon, propiconazole and hexaconazolee0
- Outcome
- lR controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- more than 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides triadimefon, propiconazole and hexaconazole resulting in more than 85% YR and lR control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole yielded the highest mean grain yield, 49.1q/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- propiconazole sprayed @ 0.1%e0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 49.1q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide propiconazole sprayed @ 0.1% resulted in the highest mean yield (49.1q/ha) followed by triadimefon(46.9q/ha) and difenoconazole (46.4q/ha) and fenarimol (45.6q/ha).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimefon mean grain yield was 46.9q/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- triadimefone0
- Outcome
- mean yielde1
- Value
- 46.9q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“triadimefon(46.9q/ha)”
e1“mean yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole mean grain yield was 46.4q/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee0
- Outcome
- mean yielde1
- Value
- 46.4q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“difenoconazole (46.4q/ha)”
e1“mean yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenarimol mean grain yield was 45.6q/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fenarimole0
- Outcome
- mean yielde1
- Value
- 45.6q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fenarimol (45.6q/ha)”
e1“mean yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
One or two sprays of four fungicides reduced rust and mildew severity relative to no spray.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- one and two sprayse0
- Outcome
- severity of LR, YR and PMe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- no spray checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides propiconazole, hexaconazole, triadimefon and mancozeb 75WP @ 0.25%, evaluated as one and two sprays, resulted in significantly less severity of LR, YR and PM and significantly more yield as compared with no spray check”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide sprays increased yield except mancozeb.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicidese1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- except in mancozebe0
- Comparator
- no spray checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly more yield as compared with no spray check (33.5 and 35.6, q/ha during the years 2000–01 and 2001–02, respectively) except in mancozeb (26.1 and 29.2q/ha, respectively).”
e1“Fungicides propiconazole, hexaconazole, triadimefon and mancozeb 75WP @ 0.25%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two triadimefon sprays gave the highest mean grain yield of 48.3 q/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two sprays of triadimefone0
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 48.3 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mean grain yield of 48.3 q/ha was recorded in two sprays of triadimefon”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole followed with 45.8q/ha grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- propiconazole (0.1%)e0
- Outcome
- mean grain yielde1
- Value
- 45.8q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by 45.8q/ha in propiconazole (0.1%)”
e1“mean grain yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two triadimefon sprays yielded Rs. 22520 net profit and 1:7.6 cost-benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two sprays of triadimefone0
- Outcome
- net profite0
- Value
- Rs. 22520e0
- Qualifier
- 1:7.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two sprays of triadimefon followed by 45.8q/ha in propiconazole (0.1%), with corresponding net profit of Rs. 22520 and 19400/ha and cost: benefit ratio of 1:7.6 and 1: 6.9, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole yielded 19400/ha net profit and 1:6.9 cost-benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- propiconazole (0.1%)e0
- Outcome
- net profite0
- Value
- 19400/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1: 6.9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“propiconazole (0.1%), with corresponding net profit of Rs. 22520 and 19400/ha and cost: benefit ratio of 1:7.6 and 1: 6.9, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A single hexaconazole spray yielded net profit 13315 and cost-benefit ratio 1:10.5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- single spray of hexaconazolee0
- Outcome
- net profite0
- Value
- 13315e0
- Qualifier
- 1:10.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single spray of hexaconazole, triadimefon and propiconazole resulted in net profit of 13315, 11800 and 11185 with cost: benefit ratio of 1:10.5, 1:7.8 and 1:7.9, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A single triadimefon spray yielded net profit 11800 and cost-benefit ratio 1:7.8.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single spray of hexaconazole, triadimefon and propiconazole resulted in net profit of 13315, 11800 and 11185 with cost: benefit ratio of 1:10.5, 1:7.8 and 1:7.9, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.