Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the properties of selected Andosols from northeastern Japan and the factors affecting the root growth of burdock, Arctium lappa cv. Takinogawa; barley, Hordeum vulgare cv. Norin-24; and orchard grass Dactylis glomerata cv. Kitamidori grown on these soils in a greenhouse. According to the clay mineralogical composition, the Andosol samples were divided into chloritized 2:1 mineral soils and allophane-imogolite1 soils. All the samples were poor in exchangeable bases, showed pH(H2O) ranging from 4.6 to 5.1, and were rich in reactive aluminum, as indicated by high pH(NaF), existence of large amounts of dithionite-citrate-soluble aluminum, and high phosphate absorption. On the other hand, a wide variation of exchange acidity Y1, determined by the titration of 125 ml of N KCl extract (soil: N KCL = 100:250) with 0.1 N NaOH, was observed; this was very large for chloritized 2:1 mineral soils and negligibly small for allophane-imogolite soils. Root growth of the test plants was reduced in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils, but not in allophane-imogolite soils. Morphological observation and aluminon test of the plant roots showed that aluminum toxicity occurred only in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils, even though all the soils contained large amounts of reactive aluminum and showed pH(H2O) range of 4.6 to 5.1. The degree of reduction of the root yields and the degree of aluminon reaction of aluminum-injured roots were in this order: burdock > barley > orchard grass. Examination of the properties of the soils sampled suggested that exchange acidity Y1 defined by Daikuhara (1914) was a realistic measure of aluminum toxicity potential in Andosols from northeastern Japan.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Burdock root growth was reduced in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils but not allophane-imogolite soils.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth of the test plants was reduced in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils, but not in allophane-imogolite soils.”
t0“burdock, Arctium lappa cv. Takinogawa”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley root growth was reduced in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils but not allophane-imogolite soils.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- allophane-imogolite soilse0
- Setting
- chloritized 2:1 mineral soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Root growth of the test plants was reduced in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils, but not in allophane-imogolite soils.”
t0“barley, Hordeum vulgare cv. Norin-24”
Claim · model-written summary
Orchard grass root growth was reduced in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils but not allophane-imogolite soils.
- Taxon
- orchard grass
.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomeratat0 - Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- allophane-imogolite soilse0
- Setting
- chloritized 2:1 mineral soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Root growth of the test plants was reduced in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils, but not in allophane-imogolite soils.”
t0“orchard grass Dactylis glomerata cv. Kitamidori”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum toxicity in plant roots occurred only in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“aluminum toxicity occurred only in chloritized 2:1 mineral soils”
t0“burdock, Arctium lappa cv. Takinogawa”
Claim · model-written summary
Burdock showed the greatest reduction in root yield and aluminum injury reaction among the tested plants.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of reduction of the root yields and the degree of aluminon reaction of aluminum-injured roots were in this order: burdock > barley > orchard grass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley ranked between burdock and orchard grass in root-yield reduction and aluminum injury reaction.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- degree of reduction of the root yields and the degree of aluminon reactione0
- Direction
- burdock > barley > orchard grasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of reduction of the root yields and the degree of aluminon reaction of aluminum-injured roots were in this order: burdock > barley > orchard grass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Orchard grass had the least root-yield reduction and aluminum injury reaction among the tested plants.
- Taxon
- orchard grassDactylis glomeratae0
- Outcome
- degree of reduction of the root yields and the degree of aluminon reactione0
- Direction
- burdock > barley > orchard grasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of reduction of the root yields and the degree of aluminon reaction of aluminum-injured roots were in this order: burdock > barley > orchard grass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchange acidity Y1 was suggested as a realistic measure of Andosol aluminum toxicity potential.
- Taxon
- burdockt0
- Outcome
- realistic measure of aluminum toxicity potentiale0
- Value
- 1914e0
- Setting
- northeastern Japane0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exchange acidity Y1 defined by Daikuhara (1914) was a realistic measure of aluminum toxicity potential in Andosols from northeastern Japan.”
t0“burdock, Arctium lappa cv. Takinogawa”