Abstract
Abstract An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse to determine the effect of foliar nitrogen (N) supplementation during grain development on the activity of the N assimilation enzymes, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), on free amino‐N content and leaf soluble sugars, and on grain crude protein content. At 10 and 20 days after anthesis (DAA), the leaves were fertilized with a liquid fertilizer containing 32% N as 12.8% urea, 9.6% ammonium (NH4), and 9.6% nitrate (NO3) in increasing rates corresponding to 0,20+20, 40+40, and 60+60 kg N ha‐1. Leaves were collected twice (at 12 DAA and 14 DAA for GS activity, sugar and amino‐N content, and at 11 and 13 DAA for NRA) after each application of leaf N. The late foliar application of N increased significantly grain crude protein without a corresponding decrease in grain weight. The NR activity (NRA) increased after the foliar application of N. In the flag leaf, 60+60 kg N ha‐1 (21 DAA) resulted in higher NRA (20x over the control), while GS activity was smaller than the control. At 22 DAA there was an increase in GS activity in the flag leaf at 20+20 N level. However, the GS activity decreased as applied N levels increased. Also at the 20+20 level, there were increases in free amino‐N in the flag leaf and second leaf at the final harvest. Throughout the experiment, plants at the 60+60 N level had the lowest levels of soluble sugars. Increases in crude protein were highest at 40+40 N level (27.9%), followed by 60+60 (18.7%).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Late foliar N significantly increased grain crude protein.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ne1
- Outcome
- grain crude proteine1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“The late foliar application of N increased significantly grain crude protein without a corresponding decrease in grain weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late foliar N did not correspondingly decrease grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ne1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- without a corresponding decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“The late foliar application of N increased significantly grain crude protein without a corresponding decrease in grain weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N increased nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ne1
- Outcome
- NR activity (NRA)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“The NR activity (NRA) increased after the foliar application of N.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 21 DAA, 60+60 kg N ha‐1 gave 20 times higher flag-leaf NRA than control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- 60+60 kg N ha‐1e1
- Outcome
- NRAe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 20xe1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“In the flag leaf, 60+60 kg N ha‐1 (21 DAA) resulted in higher NRA (20x over the control), while GS activity was smaller than the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 21 DAA, GS activity was below control under 60+60 kg N ha‐1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- 60+60 kg N ha‐1e1
- Outcome
- GS activitye1
- Direction
- smallere1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“In the flag leaf, 60+60 kg N ha‐1 (21 DAA) resulted in higher NRA (20x over the control), while GS activity was smaller than the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 22 DAA, 20+20 N increased flag-leaf GS activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- 20+20 N levele1
- Outcome
- GS activitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“At 22 DAA there was an increase in GS activity in the flag leaf at 20+20 N level.”
Claim · model-written summary
GS activity declined with increasing applied N levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- applied N levelse1
- Outcome
- GS activitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“However, the GS activity decreased as applied N levels increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20+20 N, free amino-N increased in flag and second leaves at final harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- 20+20 levele1
- Outcome
- free amino‐Ne1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“Also at the 20+20 level, there were increases in free amino‐N in the flag leaf and second leaf at the final harvest.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60+60 N level had the lowest soluble sugar levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- 60+60 N levele1
- Outcome
- soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- loweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“Throughout the experiment, plants at the 60+60 N level had the lowest levels of soluble sugars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein increased most at 40+40 N, by 27.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- 40+40 N levele1
- Outcome
- crude proteine1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 27.9%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“Increases in crude protein were highest at 40+40 N level (27.9%), followed by 60+60 (18.7%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein increased by 18.7% at 60+60 N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IAC‐47e0
- Treatment
- 60+60e1
- Outcome
- crude proteine1
- Direction
- Increasese1
- Value
- 18.7%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“An upland rice variety IAC‐47 was grown in a greenhouse”
e1“Increases in crude protein were highest at 40+40 N level (27.9%), followed by 60+60 (18.7%).”
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