Abstract
Experiments on somatic embryogenesis in selected spruce, fir and larch species were performed to determine if this method of micropropagation enables production of quality seedlings for forest nurseries. High frequencies of embryogenic callus in spruce (23-31%) and fir (29%) were achieved when mature zygotic embryos were used as explants, while in larches (36%) only when megagametophytes (endosperms with immature embryos) were used. The possibility of somatic embryogenesis initiation also from somatic embryos (resulting in secondary and third generation of embryogenic callus) indicate high efficiency of this method of micropropagation. The best results at all stages of somatic embryogenesis (good proliferation of embryogenic callus, high rate of embryo regeneration and their survival) were obtained for Norway spruce, European larch and some hybrid larches.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mature zygotic embryos yielded embryogenic callus in spruce at 23–31%.
- Organ / stage
- mature zygotic embryose0
- Outcome
- embryogenic calluse0
- Direction
- High frequenciese0
- Value
- 23-31%e0
PiceaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High frequencies of embryogenic callus in spruce (23-31%) and fir (29%) were achieved when mature zygotic embryos were used as explants”
t0“Picea, Abies and Larix”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature zygotic embryos yielded embryogenic callus in fir at 29%.
- Organ / stage
- mature zygotic embryose0
- Outcome
- embryogenic calluse0
- Direction
- High frequenciese0
- Value
- 29%e0
AbiesOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High frequencies of embryogenic callus in spruce (23-31%) and fir (29%) were achieved when mature zygotic embryos were used as explants”
t0“Picea, Abies and Larix”
Claim · model-written summary
Larches yielded embryogenic callus at 36% only with megagametophyte explants.
- Organ / stage
- megagametophytes (endosperms with immature embryos)e0
- Outcome
- larchese0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- only when megagametophytese0
LarixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in larches (36%) only when megagametophytes (endosperms with immature embryos) were used”
t0“Picea, Abies and Larix”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryos could initiate secondary and third generations of embryogenic callus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“somatic embryogenesis initiation also from somatic embryos (resulting in secondary and third generation of embryogenic callus)”
t0“Picea, Abies and Larix”
Claim · model-written summary
Norway spruce gave among the best proliferation, embryo regeneration and survival outcomes.
- Taxon
- Norway spruce
Picea abiese0 - Outcome
- good proliferation of embryogenic callus, high rate of embryo regeneration and their survivale0
- Direction
- best resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best results at all stages of somatic embryogenesis (good proliferation of embryogenic callus, high rate of embryo regeneration and their survival) were obtained for Norway spruce, European larch and some hybrid larches”
Claim · model-written summary
European larch gave among the best proliferation, embryo regeneration and survival outcomes.
Verbatim
e0“The best results at all stages of somatic embryogenesis (good proliferation of embryogenic callus, high rate of embryo regeneration and their survival) were obtained for Norway spruce, European larch and some hybrid larches”
Claim · model-written summary
Some hybrid larches gave among the best proliferation, embryo regeneration and survival outcomes.
- Outcome
- good proliferation of embryogenic callus, high rate of embryo regeneration and their survivale0
- Direction
- best resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best results at all stages of somatic embryogenesis (good proliferation of embryogenic callus, high rate of embryo regeneration and their survival) were obtained for Norway spruce, European larch and some hybrid larches”