Abstract
The effect of temperature and light conditions (spectral quality, intensity and photoperiod) on germination, development and conidiation of tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) on the highly susceptible tomato cv. Amateur were studied. Conidia germinated across the whole range of tested temperatures (10–35°C); however, at the end-point temperatures, germination was strongly limited. At temperatures slightly lower than optimum (20–25°C), mycelial development and time of appearance of the first conidiophores was delayed. Conidiation occurred within the range of 15–25°C, however was most intense between 20–25°C. Pathogen development was also markedly influenced by the light conditions. Conidiation and mycelium development was greatest at light intensities of approximately 60 μmol/m2 per second. At lower intensities, pathogen development was delayed, and in the dark, conidiation was completely inhibited. A dark period of 24 h after inoculation had no stimulatory effect on later mycelium development. However, 12 h of light after inoculation, followed by continuous dark, resulted in delayed mycelium development and total restriction of pathogen conidiation (evaluated 8 days postinoculation). When a longer dark period (4 days) was followed by normal photoperiod (12 h/12 h light/dark), mycelium development accelerated and the pathogen sporulated normally. When only inoculated leaf was covered with aluminium foil while whole plant was placed in photoperiod 12 h/12 h, the intensive mycelium development and slight subsequent sporulation on covered leaf was recorded.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew conidia germinated at 10–35°C, with limited germination at the range endpoints.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidia germinatede0
- Value
- 10–35°Ce0
- Qualifier
- at the end-point temperatures, germination was strongly limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidia germinated across the whole range of tested temperatures (10–35°C); however, at the end-point temperatures, germination was strongly limited.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Below the optimum temperature, powdery mildew mycelial development was delayed.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- temperatures slightly lower than optimum (20–25°C)e0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At temperatures slightly lower than optimum (20–25°C), mycelial development and time of appearance of the first conidiophores was delayed.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Below the optimum temperature, first conidiophore appearance was delayed.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- temperatures slightly lower than optimum (20–25°C)e0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- time of appearance of the first conidiophorese0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At temperatures slightly lower than optimum (20–25°C), mycelial development and time of appearance of the first conidiophores was delayed.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidiation occurred at 15–25°C and was most intense at 20–25°C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidiatione0
- Value
- 15–25°Ce0
- Qualifier
- most intense between 20–25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidiation occurred within the range of 15–25°C, however was most intense between 20–25°C.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycelium development and conidiation were greatest near 60 μmol/m2 per second of light.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- light intensities of approximately 60 μmol/m2 per seconde0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidiation and mycelium developmente0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- approximately 60 μmol/m2 per seconde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidiation and mycelium development was greatest at light intensities of approximately 60 μmol/m2 per second.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light intensities delayed pathogen development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- lower intensitiese0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At lower intensities, pathogen development was delayed”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness completely inhibited conidiation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- darke0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- conidiatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the dark, conidiation was completely inhibited.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
A 24-hour dark period after inoculation did not stimulate later mycelium development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- dark period of 24 h after inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- later mycelium developmente0
- Direction
- no stimulatory effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A dark period of 24 h after inoculation had no stimulatory effect on later mycelium development.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve hours of light followed by darkness delayed mycelium development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 12 h of light after inoculation, followed by continuous darke0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelium developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“12 h of light after inoculation, followed by continuous dark, resulted in delayed mycelium development and total restriction of pathogen conidiation”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve hours of light followed by darkness fully restricted conidiation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 12 h of light after inoculation, followed by continuous darke0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen conidiatione0
- Direction
- total restrictione0
- Qualifier
- evaluated 8 days postinoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“12 h of light after inoculation, followed by continuous dark, resulted in delayed mycelium development and total restriction of pathogen conidiation (evaluated 8 days postinoculation)”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Four days of darkness followed by normal photoperiod accelerated mycelium development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- longer dark period (4 days) was followed by normal photoperiod (12 h/12 h light/dark)e0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelium developmente0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a longer dark period (4 days) was followed by normal photoperiod (12 h/12 h light/dark), mycelium development accelerated and the pathogen sporulated normally.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Four days of darkness followed by normal photoperiod yielded normal sporulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- longer dark period (4 days) was followed by normal photoperiod (12 h/12 h light/dark)e0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- the pathogen sporulated normallye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a longer dark period (4 days) was followed by normal photoperiod (12 h/12 h light/dark), mycelium development accelerated and the pathogen sporulated normally.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
Claim · model-written summary
Covering only an inoculated leaf gave intensive mycelial development and slight later sporulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- only inoculated leaf was covered with aluminium foile0
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- intensive mycelium development and slight subsequent sporulation on covered leafe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When only inoculated leaf was covered with aluminium foil while whole plant was placed in photoperiod 12 h/12 h, the intensive mycelium development and slight subsequent sporulation on covered leaf was recorded.”
e1“tomato cv. Amateur”
e2“Oidium neolycopersici”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Erysiphe neolycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.