Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes such as the potato root eelworm are obligate parasites. Investigations of such parasites are promising only, if both parasite and host are studied. A method was developed to estimate the number of eelworms present in one gram of root. Our experiments were confined to pot plants. Here it is possible at any required time to harvest the complete root-system. The roots were weighed, milled for 30 seconds in a Waring Blendor and stored in F. A. fixative. The suspension of root particles and eelworms was diluted in water and the different larval stages of the eelworms were counted. In 22 days old plants significant numerical differences were found in eelworm population between the organic manure series (farmyard manure or compost) and the fertilizer series; those in the former being much lower. Moreover, the organic matter in the soil hampers the growth of the nematodes in the plants themselves. The percentage of the second and third stage larvae is lowest in the organic manured series. At the end of the growing period, however, extensive root production in the compost series caused the production of numerous cysts, but when calculated per gram of root the increase of cysts is largest in fertilized plants. The influence of organic matter on the development of nematodes has been known for several years. LINFORD presumed that the increased development of their natural enemies in soil treated with organic matter might be the cause of this phenomenon. Hence, biological control of nematodes would take place when plants were treated with organic matter. It was found in the author's experiments that eelworms, already penetrated into the roots of plants treated with organic matter, developed significantly more slowly than in those treated with fertilizer or in none-manured plants. No direct influence of soil conditions could be found to account for this. It is concluded that plants treated with organic materials such as farmyard manure or compost, develop a slight resistance to nematodes. Physiological changes in the plant itself may be the reason.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A method was developed to estimate eelworm counts per gram of root.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Interactor
- eelwormse0pest
- Outcome
- number of eelworms present in one gram of roote0
- Value
- one grame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“A method was developed to estimate the number of eelworms present in one gram of root.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure series had significantly fewer eelworms than fertilizer series in 22-day-old plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- 22 days old plantse0
- Treatment
- organic manure seriese0
- Interactor
- eelworme0pest
- Outcome
- eelworm populatione0
- Direction
- much lowere0
- Comparator
- fertilizer seriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“In 22 days old plants significant numerical differences were found in eelworm population between the organic manure series (farmyard manure or compost) and the fertilizer series; those in the former being much lower.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic matter hampered nematode growth within plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- organic matter in the soile0
- Outcome
- growth of the nematodes in the plants themselvese0
- Direction
- hamperse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“the organic matter in the soil hampers the growth of the nematodes in the plants themselves”
Claim · model-written summary
The second- and third-stage larval percentage was lowest with organic manure.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- organic manured seriese0
- Interactor
- larvaee0pest
- Outcome
- percentage of the second and third stage larvaee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“The percentage of the second and third stage larvae is lowest in the organic manured series.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extensive root production in the compost series caused numerous cysts at the end of growth.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- compost seriese0
- Outcome
- production of numerous cystse0
- Direction
- numerouse0
- Qualifier
- At the end of the growing periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“At the end of the growing period, however, extensive root production in the compost series caused the production of numerous cysts”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyst increases per gram of root were largest in fertilized plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- fertilized plantse0
- Outcome
- increase of cystse0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Qualifier
- per gram of roote0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“when calculated per gram of root the increase of cysts is largest in fertilized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Eelworms inside organically treated roots developed significantly more slowly than in fertilized or non-manured plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- organic mattere0
- Interactor
- eelwormse0pest
- Outcome
- eelworms, already penetrated into the roots of plantse0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- those treated with fertilizer or in none-manured plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“eelworms, already penetrated into the roots of plants treated with organic matter, developed significantly more slowly than in those treated with fertilizer or in none-manured plants”
Claim · model-written summary
No direct soil-condition influence explained the slower eelworm development.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- No direct influence of soil conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“No direct influence of soil conditions could be found to account for this.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that organic materials induce slight plant resistance to nematodes.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- organic materials such as farmyard manure or composte0
- Outcome
- slight resistance to nematodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“plants treated with organic materials such as farmyard manure or compost, develop a slight resistance to nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological plant changes were proposed as a possible reason for nematode resistance.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- Physiological changese0
- Qualifier
- may be the reasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“Physiological changes in the plant itself may be the reason.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · pest · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.