Abstract
Calcium (Ca) plays important role in plant development and response to various environmental stresses. However, its involvement in mitigation of heavy metal stress in plants remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effect of Ca (50 mM) in controlling cadmium (Cd) uptake in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants exposed to toxic levels of Cd (200 mg L(-1) and 300 mg L(-1)). The Cd treatment showed substantial decrease in plant height, root length, dry weight, pigments and protein content. Application of Ca improved the growth and biomass yield of the Cd-stressed mustard seedlings. More importantly, the oil content of mustard seeds of Cd-stressed plants was also enhanced with Ca treatment. Proline was significantly increased in mustard plants under Cd stress, and exogenously sprayed Ca was found to have a positive impact on proline content in Cd-stressed plants. Different concentrations of Cd increased lipid peroxidation but the application of Ca minimized it to appreciable level in Cd-treated plants. Excessive Cd treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, which were further enhanced by the addition of Ca. Additionally, Cd stress caused reduced uptake of essential elements and increased Cd accumulation in roots and shoots. However, application of Ca enhanced the concentration of essential elements and decreased Cd accumulation in Cd-stressed plants. Our results indicated that application of Ca enables mustard plant to withstand the deleterious effect of Cd, resulting in improved growth and seed quality of mustard plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced mustard height, root length and dry weight.
- Taxon
- mustarde1
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The Cd treatment showed substantial decrease in plant height, root length, dry weight, pigments and protein content.”
e1“Application of Ca improved the growth and biomass yield of the Cd-stressed mustard seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced mustard pigments and protein content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The Cd treatment showed substantial decrease in plant height, root length, dry weight, pigments and protein content.”
e1“Application of Ca improved the growth and biomass yield of the Cd-stressed mustard seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium improved growth and biomass yield in cadmium-stressed mustard seedlings.
- Taxon
- mustarde0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Application of Cae0
- Outcome
- growth and biomass yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of Ca improved the growth and biomass yield of the Cd-stressed mustard seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium enhanced oil content of seeds from cadmium-stressed mustard.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the oil content of mustard seeds of Cd-stressed plants was also enhanced with Ca treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly increased proline in mustard.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Proline was significantly increased in mustard plants under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed calcium had a positive impact on proline in cadmium-stressed mustard.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“exogenously sprayed Ca was found to have a positive impact on proline content in Cd-stressed plants.”
e1“Application of Ca improved the growth and biomass yield of the Cd-stressed mustard seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentrations increased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- Different concentrations of Cde0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different concentrations of Cd increased lipid peroxidation”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium minimized lipid peroxidation in cadmium-treated plants.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- application of Cae0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione1
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Ca minimized it to appreciable level in Cd-treated plants.”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e1“Different concentrations of Cd increased lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess cadmium enhanced three antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Excessive Cd treatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive Cd treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium further enhanced the antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- addition of Cae0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which were further enhanced by the addition of Ca.”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
e1“Excessive Cd treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced uptake of essential elements.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- uptake of essential elementse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd stress caused reduced uptake of essential elements”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased its accumulation in roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd stress caused reduced uptake of essential elements and increased Cd accumulation in roots and shoots.”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium enhanced concentrations of essential elements in cadmium-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- application of Cae0
- Outcome
- concentration of essential elementse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Ca enhanced the concentration of essential elements and decreased Cd accumulation in Cd-stressed plants.”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium decreased cadmium accumulation in cadmium-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea L.Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- application of Cae0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Ca enhanced the concentration of essential elements and decreased Cd accumulation in Cd-stressed plants.”
t0“Brassica juncea L.”
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