Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance and the use of modern genetics approaches for the improvement of drought stress tolerance have been major focuses of plant molecular biologists. In the present study, we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis. We further elucidated the function of this gene in transgenic cotton using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) techniques. We hypothesized that GhSnRK2 participates in the stress signaling pathway and elucidated its role in enhancing stress tolerance in plants via various stress-related pathways and stress-responsive genes. We determined that the subcellular localization of the GhSnRK2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was localized in the nuclei and cytoplasm. In contrast to wild-type plants, transgenic plants overexpressing GhSnRK2 exhibited increased tolerance to drought, cold, abscisic acid and salt stresses, suggesting that GhSnRK2 acts as a positive regulator in response to cold and drought stresses. Plants overexpressing GhSnRK2 displayed evidence of reduced water loss, turgor regulation, elevated relative water content, biomass, and proline accumulation. qRT-PCR analysis of GhSnRK2 expression suggested that this gene may function in diverse tissues. Under normal and stress conditions, the expression levels of stress-inducible genes, such as AtRD29A, AtRD29B, AtP5CS1, AtABI3, AtCBF1, and AtABI5, were increased in the GhSnRK2-overexpressing plants compared to the wild-type plants. GhSnRK2 gene silencing alleviated drought tolerance in cotton plants, indicating that VIGS technique can certainly be used as an effective means to examine gene function by knocking down the expression of distinctly expressed genes. The results of this study suggested that the GhSnRK2 gene, when incorporated into Arabidopsis, functions in positive responses to drought stress and in low temperature tolerance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
GhSnRK2-GFP localized to the nuclei and cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Organ / stage
- nuclei and cytoplasme1
- Gene
- GhSnRK2e0
- Outcome
- subcellular localizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e1“We determined that the subcellular localization of the GhSnRK2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was localized in the nuclei and cytoplasm”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GhSnRK2 showed increased tolerance to drought, cold, ABA and salt stresses compared with wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- transgenic plants overexpressing GhSnRK2e2
- Treatment
- drought, cold, abscisic acid and salt stressese2
- Gene
- GhSnRK2e2
- Outcome
- tolerancee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e2“In contrast to wild-type plants, transgenic plants overexpressing GhSnRK2 exhibited increased tolerance to drought, cold, abscisic acid and salt stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of GhSnRK2 in Arabidopsis reduced water loss.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- overexpressing GhSnRK2e3
- Outcome
- water losse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e3“Plants overexpressing GhSnRK2 displayed evidence of reduced water loss, turgor regulation, elevated relative water content, biomass, and proline accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of GhSnRK2 in Arabidopsis elevated relative water content, biomass and proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- overexpressing GhSnRK2e3
- Outcome
- relative water content, biomass, and proline accumulatione3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e3“Plants overexpressing GhSnRK2 displayed evidence of reduced water loss, turgor regulation, elevated relative water content, biomass, and proline accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of GhSnRK2 in Arabidopsis was associated with turgor regulation; the direction is not stated.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- overexpressing GhSnRK2e3
- Outcome
- turgor regulatione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e3“Plants overexpressing GhSnRK2 displayed evidence of reduced water loss, turgor regulation, elevated relative water content, biomass, and proline accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
In GhSnRK2-overexpressing Arabidopsis, expression of AtRD29A, AtRD29B and AtP5CS1 was increased relative to wild-type plants under normal and stress conditions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- GhSnRK2-overexpressing plantse4
- Gene
- AtRD29A, AtRD29B, AtP5CS1e4
- Outcome
- expression levels of stress-inducible genese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- normal and stress conditionse4
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e4“Under normal and stress conditions, the expression levels of stress-inducible genes, such as AtRD29A, AtRD29B, AtP5CS1, AtABI3, AtCBF1, and AtABI5, were increased in the GhSnRK2-overexpressing plants compared to the wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In GhSnRK2-overexpressing Arabidopsis, expression of AtABI3, AtCBF1 and AtABI5 was increased relative to wild-type plants under normal and stress conditions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- GhSnRK2-overexpressing plantse4
- Gene
- AtABI3, AtCBF1, and AtABI5e4
- Outcome
- expression levels of stress-inducible genese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- normal and stress conditionse4
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e4“Under normal and stress conditions, the expression levels of stress-inducible genes, such as AtRD29A, AtRD29B, AtP5CS1, AtABI3, AtCBF1, and AtABI5, were increased in the GhSnRK2-overexpressing plants compared to the wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GhSnRK2 gene silencing reduced drought tolerance in cotton plants.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- GhSnRK2 gene silencinge5
- Gene
- GhSnRK2e5
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee5
- Direction
- alleviatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“GhSnRK2 gene silencing alleviated drought tolerance in cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS can be used as an effective means to examine GhSnRK2 gene function in cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume5
- Outcome
- effective means to examine gene functione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“GhSnRK2 gene silencing alleviated drought tolerance in cotton plants”
e6“VIGS technique can certainly be used as an effective means to examine gene function”
Claim · model-written summary
GhSnRK2 expression was analysed by qRT-PCR and suggested to act in diverse cotton tissues.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- diverse tissuese7
- Gene
- GhSnRK2e7
- Outcome
- GhSnRK2 expressione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned the Gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (GhSnRK2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic Arabidopsis”
e7“qRT-PCR analysis of GhSnRK2 expression suggested that this gene may function in diverse tissues”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · tolerance: abiotic · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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