Abstract
Abstract Row crop production on highly erodible soils of the Piedmont in the southeastern USA is often limited by surface sealing, excessive surface water runoff, soil erosion, and low crop yields. The effects of four tillage practices on corn ( Zea mays L.) growth and soil properties on two crust‐prone soils were evaluated. Tillage treatments at two Piedmont locations, Oxford and Reidsville, NC, were no‐till (NT), in‐row subsoiling (IRS) (1987 only), chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow‐disk (MP). Residue cover was 1% for MP and ranged from 75 to 87% for NT and 38 to 27% for CP. The interaction between tillage, soil properties, and plant performance was complex. Mean bulk density of the Ap horizon at Reidsville for the 2‐yr period was 1.56 Mg m −3 for NT, compared with 1.48 Mg m −3 for CP and 1.46 Mg m −3 for MP. Cone index was not affected by tillage but was greatest in the trafficked interrow, 3.50 MPa, compared with 1.91 and 1.09 MPa in the row and nontrafficked interrow, respectively. Mean corn grain yield for the four year‐locations was least, 1.23 Mg ha −1 , for MP, compared with 2.97 Mg ha −1 for NT and 2.44 Mg ha −1 for CP; mean yield for IRS in 1987 was 3.69 Mg ha −1 . Tillage practices leaving crop residues on the soil surface, such as NT, CP, and IRS, can reduce or eliminate surface crusting, increase infiltration, and reduce surface runoff and soil loss while increasing crop yield.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard plow-disk (MP) tillage left 1% residue cover on the soil surface.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- MPe1
- Outcome
- Residue covere1
- Value
- 1%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e1“Residue cover was 1% for MP and ranged from 75 to 87% for NT and 38 to 27% for CP”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till residue cover ranged from 75 to 87% on the soil surface.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe1
- Outcome
- Residue covere1
- Value
- 75 to 87%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e1“Residue cover was 1% for MP and ranged from 75 to 87% for NT and 38 to 27% for CP”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel plow (CP) tillage left 38 to 27% residue cover on the soil surface.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CPe1
- Outcome
- Residue covere1
- Value
- 38 to 27%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e1“Residue cover was 1% for MP and ranged from 75 to 87% for NT and 38 to 27% for CP”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till Ap horizon bulk density was higher than chisel plow at Reidsville.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe3
- Outcome
- bulk densitye2
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 1.56 Mg m −3e3
- Comparator
- CPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e2“Mean bulk density of the Ap horizon at Reidsville”
e3“was 1.56 Mg m −3 for NT, compared with 1.48 Mg m −3 for CP and 1.46 Mg m −3 for MP”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till Ap horizon bulk density was higher than moldboard plow-disk at Reidsville.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe3
- Outcome
- bulk densitye2
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 1.56 Mg m −3e3
- Comparator
- MPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e2“Mean bulk density of the Ap horizon at Reidsville”
e3“was 1.56 Mg m −3 for NT, compared with 1.48 Mg m −3 for CP and 1.46 Mg m −3 for MP”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not affect corn cone index.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillagee4
- Outcome
- Cone indexe4
- Direction
- not affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e4“Cone index was not affected by tillage but was greatest in the trafficked interrow, 3.50 MPa, compared with 1.91 and 1.09 MPa in the row and nontrafficked interrow, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The trafficked interrow had the greatest cone index, 3.50 MPa, in corn plots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Cone indexe4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Value
- 3.50 MPae4
- Setting
- trafficked interrowe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e4“Cone index was not affected by tillage but was greatest in the trafficked interrow, 3.50 MPa, compared with 1.91 and 1.09 MPa in the row and nontrafficked interrow, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Moldboard plow-disk (MP) gave the least mean corn grain yield, 1.23 Mg ha −1, compared with no-till.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- MPe2
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- leaste2
- Value
- 1.23 Mg ha −1e2
- Comparator
- NTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e1“Mean corn grain yield”
e2“was least, 1.23 Mg ha −1 , for MP, compared with 2.97 Mg ha −1 for NT and 2.44 Mg ha −1 for CP”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till gave a higher mean corn grain yield, 2.97 Mg ha −1, than moldboard plow-disk.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe2
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 2.97 Mg ha −1e2
- Comparator
- MPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e1“Mean corn grain yield”
e2“was least, 1.23 Mg ha −1 , for MP, compared with 2.97 Mg ha −1 for NT and 2.44 Mg ha −1 for CP”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel plow (CP) gave a higher mean corn grain yield, 2.44 Mg ha −1, than moldboard plow-disk.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CPe2
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 2.44 Mg ha −1e2
- Comparator
- MPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e1“Mean corn grain yield”
e2“was least, 1.23 Mg ha −1 , for MP, compared with 2.97 Mg ha −1 for NT and 2.44 Mg ha −1 for CP”
Claim · model-written summary
In-row subsoiling gave a mean corn yield of 3.69 Mg ha −1 in 1987.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- IRSe5
- Outcome
- mean yielde5
- Value
- 3.69 Mg ha −1e5
- Qualifier
- in 1987e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e5“mean yield for IRS in 1987 was 3.69 Mg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage leaving crop residues on the surface can reduce or eliminate surface crusting in corn fields.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- surface crustinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Effects on Corn Production and Soil Physical Conditions”
e6“Tillage practices leaving crop residues on the soil surface, such as NT, CP, and IRS, can reduce or eliminate surface crusting, increase infiltration, and reduce surface runoff and soil loss while increasing crop yield”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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