Abstract
In Brazil, the southern region has the highest incidence of esophageal cancer and also the highest production and consumption of corn (Zea mays) products. Corn samples intended for human consumption from the western, northern, and southern regions of the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, had mean total fumonisin B (B(1), B(2), and B(3)) levels of 3.2, 3.4, and 1.7 mg/kg, respectively. Fusarium verticillioides, the predominant fungus in the corn samples, had mean incidences (percent of kernels infected) of 14, 11, and 18% for the three regions, respectively. Additional corn samples intended for animal feed from the southern region had a mean total fumonisin level of 1.5 mg/kg and a mean F. verticillioides incidence of 10%. The fumonisin levels in corn from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were similar to the high levels determined in other high esophageal cancer incidence regions of the world.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Corn for human consumption from the western, northern and southern regions of Santa Catarina had mean total fumonisin B levels of 3.2, 3.4 and 1.7 mg/kg, respectively.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Outcome
- mean total fumonisin Be2
- Value
- 3.2, 3.4, and 1.7 mg/kge2
- Setting
- western, northern, and southern regions of the state of Santa Catarinae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn samples intended for human consumption from the western, northern, and southern regions of the state of Santa Catarina”
e2“had mean total fumonisin B (B(1), B(2), and B(3)) levels of 3.2, 3.4, and 1.7 mg/kg, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium verticillioides, the predominant fungus in the corn samples, had mean kernel incidences of 14, 11 and 18% in the western, northern and southern regions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese3pathogen - Outcome
- mean incidences (percent of kernels infected)e3
- Value
- 14, 11, and 18%e3
- Setting
- western, northern, and southern regionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn samples intended for human consumption from the western, northern, and southern regions of the state of Santa Catarina”
e3“Fusarium verticillioides, the predominant fungus in the corn samples, had mean incidences (percent of kernels infected) of 14, 11, and 18% for the three regions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn for animal feed from the southern region had a mean total fumonisin level of 1.5 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Outcome
- mean total fumonisin levele4
- Value
- 1.5 mg/kge4
- Setting
- southern regione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Additional corn samples intended for animal feed from the southern region had a mean total fumonisin level of 1.5 mg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn for animal feed from the southern region had a mean F. verticillioides incidence of 10%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese5pathogen
- Outcome
- mean F. verticillioides incidencee5
- Value
- 10%e5
- Setting
- southern regione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Additional corn samples intended for animal feed from the southern region had a mean total fumonisin level of 1.5 mg/kg”
e5“a mean F. verticillioides incidence of 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumonisin levels in corn from Santa Catarina were similar to the high levels determined in other high esophageal cancer incidence regions of the world.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Outcome
- fumonisin levelse6
- Comparator
- other high esophageal cancer incidence regions of the worlde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The fumonisin levels in corn from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were similar to the high levels determined in other high esophageal cancer incidence regions of the world”