Abstract
Entomofauna in monospecific stands of the introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) and native mixed woodlands was sampled in 1982 along the Texas coast and compared to samples of arthropods from an earlier study of native coastal prairie and from a study of arthropods in S. sebiferum in 2004. Species diversity, richness, and abundance were highest in prairie, and were higher in mixed woodland than in S. sebiferum. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling distinguished orders and families of arthropods, and families of herbivores in S. sebiferum from mixed woodland and coastal prairie. Taxonomic similarity between S. sebiferum and mixed woodland was 51%. Fauna from S. sebiferum in 2001 was more similar to mixed woodland than to samples from S. sebiferum collected in 1982. These results indicate that the entomofauna in S. sebiferum originated from mixed prairie and that, with time, these faunas became more similar. Species richness and abundance of herbivores was lower in S. sebiferum, but proportion of total species in all trophic groups, except herbivores, was higher in S. sebiferum than mixed woodland. Low concentration of tannin in leaves of S. sebiferum did not explain low loss of leaves to herbivores. Lower abundance of herbivores on introduced species of plants fits the enemy release hypothesis, and low concentration of defense compounds in the face of low number of herbivores fits the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Arthropod species diversity, richness and abundance were highest in prairie.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferum
Triadica sebiferae1 - Outcome
- Species diversity, richness, and abundancee2
- Direction
- higheste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“Species diversity, richness, and abundance were highest in prairie”
Claim · model-written summary
Arthropod species diversity, richness and abundance were higher in mixed woodland than in S. sebiferum.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Outcome
- Species diversity, richness, and abundancee2
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- S. sebiferume3
- Setting
- mixed woodlande3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“Species diversity, richness, and abundance were highest in prairie”
e3“were higher in mixed woodland than in S. sebiferum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling distinguished arthropod orders and families, and herbivore families, in S. sebiferum from mixed woodland and coastal prairie.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Interactor
- herbivorese4herbivore
- Outcome
- orders and families of arthropodse4
- Comparator
- mixed woodland and coastal prairiee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e4“Nonmetric multidimensional scaling distinguished orders and families of arthropods, and families of herbivores in S. sebiferum from mixed woodland and coastal prairie”
Claim · model-written summary
Taxonomic similarity between S. sebiferum and mixed woodland was 51%.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Outcome
- Taxonomic similaritye5
- Value
- 51%e5
- Comparator
- mixed woodlande5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e5“Taxonomic similarity between S. sebiferum and mixed woodland was 51%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fauna from S. sebiferum in 2001 was more similar to mixed woodland than to S. sebiferum samples collected in 1982.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Outcome
- Fauna from S. sebiferum in 2001e6
- Direction
- more similare6
- Comparator
- mixed woodlande6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e6“Fauna from S. sebiferum in 2001 was more similar to mixed woodland than to samples from S. sebiferum collected in 1982”
Claim · model-written summary
The entomofauna in S. sebiferum appears to have originated from mixed prairie.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Outcome
- entomofaunae7
- Comparator
- mixed prairiee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e7“the entomofauna in S. sebiferum originated from mixed prairie”
Claim · model-written summary
Over time the faunas of S. sebiferum became more similar to mixed woodland.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Treatment
- with timee2
- Outcome
- faunase2
- Direction
- became more similare2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“with time, these faunas became more similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Species richness and abundance of herbivores were lower in S. sebiferum.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Interactor
- herbivorese2herbivore
- Outcome
- Species richness and abundance of herbivorese2
- Direction
- lowere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“Species richness and abundance of herbivores was lower in S. sebiferum”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of total species in all trophic groups except herbivores was higher in S. sebiferum than in mixed woodland.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Outcome
- proportion of total species in all trophic groups, except herbivorese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- mixed woodlande2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“proportion of total species in all trophic groups, except herbivores, was higher in S. sebiferum than mixed woodland”
Claim · model-written summary
Low tannin concentration in leaves did not explain the low leaf loss to herbivores in S. sebiferum.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Interactor
- herbivorese2herbivore
- Compound
- tannine2
- Outcome
- loss of leaves to herbivorese2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“Low concentration of tannin in leaves of S. sebiferum did not explain low loss of leaves to herbivores”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower abundance of herbivores on introduced plants fits the enemy release hypothesis.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Outcome
- Lower abundance of herbivorese2
- Qualifier
- enemy release hypothesise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“Lower abundance of herbivores on introduced species of plants fits the enemy release hypothesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Low defence-compound concentration with few herbivores fits the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis.
- Taxon
- Sapium sebiferumTriadica sebiferae1
- Compound
- defense compoundse2
- Outcome
- low concentration of defense compoundse2
- Qualifier
- evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“introduced Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)”
e2“low concentration of defense compounds in the face of low number of herbivores fits the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis”