Abstract
The intermating population of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) NDPl was created to be a source of both cultivars and parental lines for future breeding populations. The objective of this study was to predict the relative merits of four types of selection indices for improving NDPl, and to predict the gain in efficiency of selection from using information on secondary characters in the calculation of index weights. Smith‐Hazel, base, and desired gain indices were constructed to increase yield and percent protein and decrease plant height. Restricted selection indices were constructed to increase yield and eliminate undesirable correlated responses in percent protein and plant height. Comparisons were made based upon predicted responses from S 1 family selection. Estimates of the population parameters were derived from 200 S 1 families grown in two replications in the field in 1981 and 1982. Broad sense heritabilities for all measured characters were high. Genotypic and phenotypic covariances between yield and percent protein were negative, while covariances between these two characters and the characters plant height and kernel weight were positive. The Smith‐Hazel index maximized predicted gains in the aggregate genotype, with a predicted increase in yield of 9.6%, a decrease in plant height of 0.3%, and an increase in percent protein of 1.1%. Similar responses were predicted for the base and restricted selection indices. A 2.7% increase in yield and percent protein, and a 2.7% decrease in plant height were predicted for selection based upon a desired gain index. The inclusion of information on the secondary characters (kernel weight, spike length, kernels per spike, and spikelets per spike) in indices did not appreciably increase their predicted efficiencies. Indices designed to improve the aggregate genotype should be effective in developing NDPl as a source of high yielding conventional height lines. If high yielding, high protein semidwarf lines are desired, a desired gain index should be considered for improving NDP1.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Broad sense heritabilities were high for all measured characters.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Broad sense heritabilities for all measured characterse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broad sense heritabilities for all measured characters were high.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and percent protein had negative genotypic and phenotypic covariances.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- yield and percent proteine0
- Outcome
- Genotypic and phenotypic covariances between yield and percent proteine0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypic and phenotypic covariances between yield and percent protein were negative”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Covariances of yield and percent protein with plant height and kernel weight were positive.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- plant height and kernel weighte0
- Outcome
- covariances between these two characters and the characters plant height and kernel weighte0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“covariances between these two characters and the characters plant height and kernel weight were positive”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Smith-Hazel index maximized predicted aggregate genotype gains.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- predicted gains in the aggregate genotypee0
- Direction
- maximizede0
- Comparator
- Smith‐Hazel indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Smith‐Hazel index maximized predicted gains in the aggregate genotype”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Smith-Hazel index predicted a 9.6% yield increase.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Smith‐Hazel indexe1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a predicted increase in yield of 9.6%”
e1“The Smith‐Hazel index maximized predicted gains”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Smith-Hazel index predicted a 0.3% decrease in plant height.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Smith‐Hazel indexe1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 0.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in plant height of 0.3%”
e1“The Smith‐Hazel index maximized predicted gains”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Smith-Hazel index predicted a 1.1% increase in percent protein.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Smith‐Hazel indexe1
- Outcome
- percent proteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in percent protein of 1.1%”
e1“The Smith‐Hazel index maximized predicted gains”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Base and restricted indices predicted similar responses.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Similar responsese0
- Comparator
- base and restricted selection indicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar responses were predicted for the base and restricted selection indices.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The desired gain index predicted a 2.7% yield increase.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- desired gain indexe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 2.7% increase in yield and percent protein, and a 2.7% decrease in plant height were predicted for selection based upon a desired gain index.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The desired gain index predicted a 2.7% protein increase.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- desired gain indexe0
- Outcome
- percent proteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 2.7% increase in yield and percent protein, and a 2.7% decrease in plant height were predicted for selection based upon a desired gain index.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The desired gain index predicted a 2.7% height decrease.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- desired gain indexe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 2.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 2.7% decrease in plant height were predicted for selection based upon a desired gain index”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary characters did not appreciably increase predicted index efficiency.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- predicted efficienciese0
- Direction
- did not appreciably increasee0
- Comparator
- secondary characterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inclusion of information on the secondary characters (kernel weight, spike length, kernels per spike, and spikelets per spike) in indices did not appreciably increase their predicted efficiencies.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Indices designed to improve aggregate genotype should develop NDP1 as a source of high yielding conventional height lines.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- developing NDPl as a source of high yielding conventional height linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indices designed to improve the aggregate genotype should be effective in developing NDPl as a source of high yielding conventional height lines.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A desired gain index should be considered to obtain high yielding, high protein semidwarf lines.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- a desired gain index should be considered for improving NDP1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If high yielding, high protein semidwarf lines are desired, a desired gain index should be considered for improving NDP1.”
t0“Spring Wheat”