Abstract
The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically to clarify the mechanism of head formation.1) Seedlings of chinese cabbage (cultivar; Nozaki-Kohai No.3) were used in this study and were grown in a phytotron at temperatures of 23°C during the day and 18°C during the night.For histological observations slides were prepared from different parts of the leaves collected at different growth stages of the seedlings by paraffin microtechnique.2) The leaf shape changed with node positions. The ratio of length to width of the leaf decreased and the number of vascular strands in the midrib increased as node position number inrreased, counting from the basal point.3) The leaf consists of two distinct parts; lamina and midrib. Midrib includes several parallel veins (with one or several vascular bundles) in the parenchyma massive on the adaxial side. Each vascular bundle is composed of cambium, xylem, phloem and some supporting tissues. Epidermis of midrib consists of one layer of cells.4) Trichome, an outgrowth of an epidermal cell, is an unicellular hair situated over the veins. The initial cell of the trichome has dense cytoplasm, a larger nucleus and a larger nucleolus as compared with those of other epidermal cells.5) The epidermis of lamina consists of one layer of cells. Palisade and spongy parenchymatous cells contain abundant chloroplasts.Stomata are differentiated from an epidermal cell of lamina, and distributed at random. The type of stoma complex is anisocytic, having three subsidiary cells surrounding the stoma.The lamina has fine-netted venation. Parenchymatous cells surrounding the thick vein run parallel with the axis. These parenchymatous cells appeared white in the absence of chlorophyll, similar to those in the midrib.6) During the early stage of development the successive plastochrones in the shoot apex shortened from 1.3 to 0.5 days. In the leaf primordium, the procambium differentiates at the tip of the leaf buttress. With the development of the primordium, the procambium extends into the apical and marginal parts of the leaf before the initiation of vascular bundle differentiation.The interfascicular cambium was observed up to the 11th or the 13th leaf primordium.After the initiation of midrib-like tissue in the leaf primordium, the marginal meristem starts to differentiate leaf lamina, which continues to develop prominently until the attainment of full size.7) The direction of leaf outgrowth changed with ages. At the lower nodes leaf primordia grew upright, whereas at the higher nodes they folded the shoot apex inward, forming “small head.”8) A tiny projection composed of larger cells is present between two leaf primordia. It is about 0.5mm long and 1mm wide. Each cell has a large nucleus and nucleolus, having denser cytoplasm as compared with other meristematic cells.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The length-to-width ratio of the leaf decreased as node position increased in Chinese cabbage.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Treatment
- node position numbere2
- Outcome
- ratio of length to width of the leafe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e2“The ratio of length to width of the leaf decreased and the number of vascular strands in the midrib increased as node position number inrreased, counting from the basal point”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of vascular strands in the midrib increased as node position increased in Chinese cabbage.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- node position numbere2
- Outcome
- number of vascular strands in the midribe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e2“The ratio of length to width of the leaf decreased and the number of vascular strands in the midrib increased as node position number inrreased, counting from the basal point”
Claim · model-written summary
The successive plastochrones in the shoot apex shortened from 1.3 to 0.5 days during early development.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe3
- Outcome
- successive plastochronese3
- Value
- from 1.3 to 0.5 dayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e3“During the early stage of development the successive plastochrones in the shoot apex shortened from 1.3 to 0.5 days”
Claim · model-written summary
The direction of leaf outgrowth changed with age: lower-node leaf primordia grew upright, while higher-node primordia folded the shoot apex inward.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Organ / stage
- leaf primordiae4
- Outcome
- direction of leaf outgrowthe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e4“The direction of leaf outgrowth changed with ages. At the lower nodes leaf primordia grew upright, whereas at the higher nodes they folded the shoot apex inward”
Claim · model-written summary
The stoma complex in the lamina epidermis is anisocytic, with three subsidiary cells around the stoma.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Outcome
- type of stoma complexe5
- Value
- anisocytice5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e5“The type of stoma complex is anisocytic, having three subsidiary cells surrounding the stoma”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichomes are unicellular hairs that arise from epidermal cells over the veins.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Organ / stage
- veinse6
- Outcome
- unicellular haire6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e6“Trichome, an outgrowth of an epidermal cell, is an unicellular hair situated over the veins”
Claim · model-written summary
The interfascicular cambium was observed up to the 11th or the 13th leaf primordium.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Outcome
- interfascicular cambiume7
- Value
- up to the 11th or the 13th leaf primordiume7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e7“The interfascicular cambium was observed up to the 11th or the 13th leaf primordium”
Claim · model-written summary
A tiny projection of larger cells lies between two leaf primordia, about 0.5 mm long and 1 mm wide.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Organ / stage
- between two leaf primordiae1
- Outcome
- tiny projectione1
- Value
- about 0.5mm long and 1mm widee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e1“A tiny projection composed of larger cells is present between two leaf primordia. It is about 0.5mm long and 1mm wide”
Claim · model-written summary
In the leaf primordium, the procambium differentiates at the tip of the leaf buttress.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Organ / stage
- leaf primordiume1
- Outcome
- the procambium differentiatese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e1“In the leaf primordium, the procambium differentiates at the tip of the leaf buttress”
Claim · model-written summary
Each midrib vascular bundle is composed of cambium, xylem, phloem and some supporting tissues.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Organ / stage
- midribe1
- Outcome
- composed of cambium, xylem, phloem and some supporting tissuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e1“Midrib includes several parallel veins (with one or several vascular bundles) in the parenchyma massive on the adaxial side. Each vascular bundle is composed of cambium, xylem, phloem and some supporting tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
The lamina has fine-netted venation.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Organ / stage
- laminae1
- Outcome
- fine-netted venatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of leaf development of chinese cabbage was observed morphologically and histogenetically”
e1“The lamina has fine-netted venation”