Abstract
Reduced seed calcium concentrations have been observed in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed lots with reduced seed germination. Soybean plants were grown hydroponically at Ames, IA, 1991, to determine if the Ca concentration of the root medium and relative humidity (RII) could influence seed Ca concentration and, subsequently, seed quality. Plants were grown in solution culture in a controlled environment growth chamber, with Ca concentrations of 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.5 mM in the root medium from beginning seed (R5) to beginning maturity (R7). In addition, concentrations of 0.6 and 2.5 mM Ca and RH of 55 and 95% were applied from R5 to R7 to plants grown in sand culture in the greenhouse. Treatments were arranged in a randomized compete‐block design in both studies, with the blocks replicated in time in the growth‐chamber study. Seed Ca concentrations increased with increased Ca supply to the plant. Relative humidity had not effect on either seed Ca concentration or germination. A decrease in the percentage of normal seedlings from 96.7 to 41.8% coincided with a decrease in seed Ca from 2.37 to 0.87 mg g −1 . Reduced germination of low‐Ca seeds was primarily due to an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings. The percentage of normal seedlings was significantly and positively correlated with Ca ( r = 0.83) and negatively correlated with the B/Ca ratio and B ( r = ‐0.97 and −0.83, respectively) in seeds. Results indicate that reduced Ca supply to the plant may reduce seed Ca concentration in addition to altering other seed nutrients. Reduced seed Ca was associated with poorer seed germination, but additional studies are needed to clarify the role of Ca and other nutrients in the germination of seeds and seedling establishment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seed calcium concentration increased with calcium supply.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- increased Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- Seed Ca concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed Ca concentrations increased with increased Ca supply to the plant”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative humidity had no effect on seed calcium concentration.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- seed Ca concentratione0
- Direction
- not effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative humidity had not effect on either seed Ca concentration or germination”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative humidity had no effect on germination.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- not effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative humidity had not effect on either seed Ca concentration or germination”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal seedlings declined from 96.7 to 41.8% as seed calcium declined from 2.37 to 0.87 mg g −1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- percentage of normal seedlingse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 96.7 to 41.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 2.37 to 0.87 mg g −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A decrease in the percentage of normal seedlings from 96.7 to 41.8% coincided with a decrease in seed Ca from 2.37 to 0.87 mg g −1”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced germination of low-calcium seeds was mainly associated with more abnormal seedlings.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- Reducede0
- Qualifier
- increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced germination of low‐Ca seeds was primarily due to an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal seedling percentage correlated positively with seed calcium.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- percentage of normal seedlingse0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Value
- r = 0.83e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percentage of normal seedlings was significantly and positively correlated with Ca ( r = 0.83)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal seedling percentage correlated negatively with seed B/Ca ratio.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- B/Ca ratioe0
- Outcome
- percentage of normal seedlingse1
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Value
- r = ‐0.97e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with the B/Ca ratio and B ( r = ‐0.97 and −0.83, respectively) in seeds”
e1“percentage of normal seedlings was significantly and positively correlated with Ca”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal seedling percentage correlated negatively with seed B.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Be0
- Outcome
- percentage of normal seedlingse1
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Value
- −0.83e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with the B/Ca ratio and B ( r = ‐0.97 and −0.83, respectively) in seeds”
e1“percentage of normal seedlings was significantly and positively correlated with Ca”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced calcium supply may lower seed calcium concentration.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- reduced Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- seed Ca concentratione0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced Ca supply to the plant may reduce seed Ca concentration”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced calcium supply may alter other seed nutrients.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- reduced Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- other seed nutrientse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced Ca supply to the plant may reduce seed Ca concentration in addition to altering other seed nutrients”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced seed calcium was associated with poorer germination.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- poorere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced seed Ca was associated with poorer seed germination”
t0“Soybean”
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.