Abstract
American burnweed is an early successional summer annual species in the Asteraceae. This weed is a poor competitor; however, it rapidly colonizes disturbed and low-maintenance areas, especially following an environmental disturbance. Recently, turfgrass managers have made adjustments to maintenance practices to satisfy budget requirements and address environmental concerns. This has resulted in reduced mowing frequency in some golf course rough and out-of-play turf areas, and has allowed establishment of broadleaf weed species such as American burnweed which would otherwise be controlled by frequent mowing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PRE and POST herbicide treatments for American burnweed control in an unmown bermudagrass golf course rough. Single PRE applications of simazine at 2.24 kg ai ha −1 and indaziflam at 0.06 kg ai ha −1 provided > 80% American burnweed control 24 wk after treatment (WAT) in 2012 and 2013. Sequential combination applications of liquid formulations of dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin (2.24 + 1.68 kg ai ha −1 ) provided 95% American burnweed control 24 wk after initial treatment in 2012 and 2013. Other PRE treatments did not provide consistent control of American burnweed across rating dates and years. Regardless of year, four POST treatments provided ≥ 87% control at 8 and 16 WAT. These included thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha −1 ), thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha −1 ), triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha −1 ), and sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha −1 ). Several PRE and POST American burnweed control solutions exist for low maintenance bermudagrass areas. Future research should continue to screen other herbicides for control efficacy and focus on application timing to balance season-long control with minimal chemical inputs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine provided more than 80% burnweed control at 24 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- simazine at 2.24 kg ai ha −1e0
- Interactor
- American burnweede0weed
- Outcome
- American burnweed controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- > 80%e0
- Qualifier
- 24 wk after treatment (WAT) in 2012 and 2013e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single PRE applications of simazine at 2.24 kg ai ha −1 and indaziflam at 0.06 kg ai ha −1 provided > 80% American burnweed control 24 wk after treatment (WAT) in 2012 and 2013.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Indaziflam provided more than 80% burnweed control at 24 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- indaziflam at 0.06 kg ai ha −1e0
- Interactor
- American burnweede0weed
- Outcome
- American burnweed controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- > 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single PRE applications of simazine at 2.24 kg ai ha −1 and indaziflam at 0.06 kg ai ha −1 provided > 80% American burnweed control 24 wk after treatment (WAT) in 2012 and 2013.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential dimethenamid-p plus pendimethalin provided 95% control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin (2.24 + 1.68 kg ai ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- American burnweede0weed
- Outcome
- American burnweed controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential combination applications of liquid formulations of dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin (2.24 + 1.68 kg ai ha −1 ) provided 95% American burnweed control 24 wk after initial treatment in 2012 and 2013.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Other preemergence treatments gave inconsistent control.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Interactor
- American burnweede0weed
- Outcome
- consistent control of American burnweede0
- Direction
- did not providee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other PRE treatments did not provide consistent control of American burnweed across rating dates and years.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
This postemergence treatment provided at least 87% burnweed control at 8 and 16 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- American burnweedt0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- ≥ 87%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 and 16 WATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of year, four POST treatments provided ≥ 87% control at 8 and 16 WAT. These included thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha −1 ), thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha −1 ), triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha −1 ), and sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha −1 ).”
t0“American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolia) in Bermudagrass Turf”
Claim · model-written summary
This postemergence treatment provided at least 87% burnweed control at 8 and 16 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- American burnweedt0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- ≥ 87%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 and 16 WATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of year, four POST treatments provided ≥ 87% control at 8 and 16 WAT. These included thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha −1 ), thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha −1 ), triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha −1 ), and sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha −1 ).”
t0“American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolia) in Bermudagrass Turf”
Claim · model-written summary
This postemergence treatment provided at least 87% burnweed control at 8 and 16 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- American burnweedt0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- ≥ 87%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 and 16 WATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of year, four POST treatments provided ≥ 87% control at 8 and 16 WAT. These included thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha −1 ), thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha −1 ), triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha −1 ), and sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha −1 ).”
t0“American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolia) in Bermudagrass Turf”
Claim · model-written summary
This postemergence treatment provided at least 87% burnweed control at 8 and 16 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- American burnweedt0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- ≥ 87%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 and 16 WATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of year, four POST treatments provided ≥ 87% control at 8 and 16 WAT. These included thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha −1 ), thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha −1 ), triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha −1 ), and sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha −1 ).”
t0“American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolia) in Bermudagrass Turf”
The same questions in other papers
trichlopyr · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
indaziflam · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
sulfentrazone · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
dicamba · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
foramsulfuron · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
simazine · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →metsulfuron methyl · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
pendimethalin · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.