Abstract
SUMMARY The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley by insecticide seed and foliar spray treatments was investigated in 2001, 2002 and 2003. Similar investigations were undertaken on winter wheat in 2004, 2005 and 2006. Aphids numbers in autumn and BYDV in spring on barley and wheat were significantly lower on MT relative to CT crops, in two of the six seasons. An insecticide spray at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 25 significantly reduced aphids and virus in both MT and CT crops in three of the six seasons of the study. An additional spray at GS 22 provided no benefit. Aphids were significantly fewer in three of the six seasons on crops grown from insecticide treated seeds, relative to untreated seeds. Both MT and CT barley sprayed at GS 25 had significantly fewer aphids than the seed treatment in one of the three seasons. Seed-treated MT and CT barley had significantly less BYDV than controls but significantly more than crops sprayed at GS 25. CT wheat grown from insecticide-treated seed had significantly less BYDV than controls. Overall, CT barley grown from insecticide-treated seed had 6-fold more BYDV than the sprayed crop, while untreated barley had 22-fold more than the spray treatment. In MT barley, the comparable values were 3- and 10-fold respectively. BYDV was almost exclusively the MAV strain. The grain yield for insecticide-sprayed CT barley was significantly greater in two of three seasons than that for untreated plots. In general, MT and CT barley receiving an insecticide spray had greater grain yield than barley grown from insecticide-treated seed, with differences being significant in one of three seasons. It is concluded that BYDV in MT and CT cereals is better controlled by applying a pyrethroid insecticide spray between GS 23 and 25, in autumn, than by treating the seed with a nitroguanidine-type insecticide. In MT crops, a single spray between GS 23 and 25 will give effective control of MAV-type BYDV.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage significantly lowered aphid numbers and BYDV compared with conventional tillage in two of six seasons.
- Taxon
- barley and wheat
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- MTe1
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae1pest
- Second interactor
- BYDV
Barley yellow dwarf viruse1pathogen - Outcome
- Aphids numberse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- CT cropse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e1“Aphids numbers in autumn and BYDV in spring on barley and wheat were significantly lower on MT relative to CT crops, in two of the six seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
An insecticide spray at GS 25 significantly reduced aphids and BYDV in both tillage systems in three of six seasons.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- An insecticide spray at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 25e2
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae2pest
- Second interactor
- viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- aphids and viruse2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e2“An insecticide spray at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 25 significantly reduced aphids and virus in both MT and CT crops in three of the six seasons of the study”
Claim · model-written summary
An additional spray at GS 22 gave no benefit.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- An additional spray at GS 22e3
- Outcome
- benefite3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e3“An additional spray at GS 22 provided no benefit”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids were significantly fewer on crops grown from insecticide-treated seed than on untreated seed in three of six seasons.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- insecticide treated seedse4
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae4pest
- Outcome
- Aphidse4
- Direction
- fewere4
- Comparator
- untreated seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e4“Aphids were significantly fewer in three of the six seasons on crops grown from insecticide treated seeds, relative to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley sprayed at GS 25 had significantly fewer aphids than seed-treated barley in one of three seasons.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree5
- Treatment
- sprayed at GS 25e5
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae5pest
- Outcome
- aphidse5
- Direction
- fewere5
- Comparator
- the seed treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e5“Both MT and CT barley sprayed at GS 25 had significantly fewer aphids than the seed treatment in one of the three seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-treated barley had significantly less BYDV than untreated controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree6
- Treatment
- Seed-treatede6
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- BYDVe6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Comparator
- controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e6“Seed-treated MT and CT barley had significantly less BYDV than controls but significantly more than crops sprayed at GS 25”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-treated barley had significantly more BYDV than barley sprayed at GS 25.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree6
- Treatment
- Seed-treatede6
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- BYDVe6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- crops sprayed at GS 25e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e6“Seed-treated MT and CT barley had significantly less BYDV than controls but significantly more than crops sprayed at GS 25”
Claim · model-written summary
CT wheat grown from insecticide-treated seed had significantly less BYDV than controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- insecticide-treated seede7
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse7pathogen
- Outcome
- BYDVe7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Comparator
- controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e7“CT wheat grown from insecticide-treated seed had significantly less BYDV than controls”
Claim · model-written summary
CT barley from insecticide-treated seed had 6-fold more BYDV than the sprayed crop.
- Taxon
- CT barleye2
- Treatment
- insecticide-treated seede2
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- BYDVe2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 6-folde2
- Comparator
- the sprayed crope2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e2“Overall, CT barley grown from insecticide-treated seed had 6-fold more BYDV than the sprayed crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated CT barley had 22-fold more BYDV than the spray treatment.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree3
- Treatment
- untreatede3
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- BYDVe2
- Direction
- moree3
- Value
- 22-folde3
- Comparator
- the spray treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Overall, CT barley grown from insecticide-treated seed had 6-fold more BYDV than the sprayed crop”
e3“while untreated barley had 22-fold more than the spray treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In MT barley, the BYDV comparison values were 3- and 10-fold, respectively, relative to the spray treatment.
- Taxon
- MT barleye4
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- BYDVe2
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Qualifier
- 3- and 10-fold respectivelye4
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Overall, CT barley grown from insecticide-treated seed had 6-fold more BYDV than the sprayed crop”
e4“In MT barley, the comparable values were 3- and 10-fold respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV in these cereals was almost exclusively the MAV strain.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse5pathogen
- Outcome
- straine5
- Value
- MAVe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e5“BYDV was almost exclusively the MAV strain”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide-sprayed CT barley had significantly greater grain yield than untreated plots in two of three seasons.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e6“The grain yield for insecticide-sprayed CT barley was significantly greater in two of three seasons than that for untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley receiving an insecticide spray had greater grain yield than barley from insecticide-treated seed, significant in one of three seasons.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree7
- Treatment
- receiving an insecticide spraye7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- barley grown from insecticide-treated seede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and its aphid vectors in minimum tillage (MT) and conventionally tilled (CT) winter barley”
e7“In general, MT and CT barley receiving an insecticide spray had greater grain yield than barley grown from insecticide-treated seed, with differences being significant in one of three seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
A pyrethroid spray between GS 23 and 25 in autumn controls BYDV better than nitroguanidine seed treatment.
Verbatim
e1“It is concluded that BYDV in MT and CT cereals is better controlled by applying a pyrethroid insecticide spray between GS 23 and 25, in autumn, than by treating the seed with a nitroguanidine-type insecticide”
Claim · model-written summary
In MT crops, a single spray between GS 23 and 25 gives effective control of MAV-type BYDV.
Verbatim
e2“In MT crops, a single spray between GS 23 and 25 will give effective control of MAV-type BYDV”
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application · Aphidomorpha · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
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insecticide · Barley yellow dwarf virus · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.