Abstract
The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate, the megasporocyte originating from a hypodermal cell of the ovule primordium. Embryo sac development is of the Polygonum type. At its inception, the megasporocyte appears to be identical to the surrounding nucellar cells except for its larger size and dominant nucleus. The onset of megasporogenesis is indicated by the expansion of the megasporocyte, which is accompanied by a decrease in cytoplasmic density. Callose deposition in the expanded megasporocyte originates from the micropylar end and extends laterally. During megasporocyte expansion, the nucleus retains the micropylar location. Meiosis results in the formation of a linear, T-shaped, or intermediate tetrad: the chalazal megaspore is functional; all others will degenerate. The functional megaspore appears least dense among the cells of the tetrad and seldom contains vacuoles. As the megaspore enlarges, the organelles and the cytoplasmic density increase, the callose wall is gradually digested, and a electron-dense wall appears. The vacuoles are randomly distributed and then gradually migrate to both poles of the megaspore. A well-developed megaspore shows organelle polarity such that most plastids and dictyosomes are distributed in the micropylar region. The polarized dictyosome and plastid distributions persist through the two- and four-nucleate stage of the embryo sac, respectively. The two- and four-nucleate embryo sac is characterized by the presence of large central and chalazal vacuoles. Plasmodesmata persist in the chalazal wall during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis to the four-nucleate stage.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
The Arundo formosana ovule is tenuinucellate.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosana
Arundo formosanae0 - Organ / stage
- ovulee0
- Outcome
- tenuinucellatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
Claim · model-written summary
The megasporocyte originates from a hypodermal cell of the ovule primordium.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- ovule primordiume1
- Outcome
- megasporocytee1
- Qualifier
- originating from a hypodermal celle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“the megasporocyte originating from a hypodermal cell of the ovule primordium”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo sac development in Arundo formosana is of the Polygonum type.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Outcome
- Embryo sac developmente1
- Qualifier
- Polygonum typee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“Embryo sac development is of the Polygonum type”
Claim · model-written summary
At inception the megasporocyte is identical to surrounding nucellar cells except for its larger size and dominant nucleus.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- megasporocytee1
- Outcome
- sizee1
- Direction
- largere1
- Qualifier
- dominant nucleuse1
- Comparator
- surrounding nucellar cellse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“the megasporocyte appears to be identical to the surrounding nucellar cells except for its larger size and dominant nucleus”
Claim · model-written summary
Megasporocyte expansion at the onset of megasporogenesis is accompanied by a decrease in cytoplasmic density.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- megasporocytee1
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic densitye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“the expansion of the megasporocyte, which is accompanied by a decrease in cytoplasmic density”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose deposition in the expanded megasporocyte originates from the micropylar end and extends laterally.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- expanded megasporocytee1
- Outcome
- Callose depositione1
- Qualifier
- originates from the micropylar end and extends laterallye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“Callose deposition in the expanded megasporocyte originates from the micropylar end and extends laterally”
Claim · model-written summary
During megasporocyte expansion the nucleus retains the micropylar location.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- megasporocytee1
- Outcome
- nucleuse1
- Qualifier
- retains the micropylar locatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“During megasporocyte expansion, the nucleus retains the micropylar location”
Claim · model-written summary
Meiosis forms a linear, T-shaped or intermediate tetrad.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Outcome
- tetrade1
- Qualifier
- linear, T-shaped, or intermediatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“Meiosis results in the formation of a linear, T-shaped, or intermediate tetrad”
Claim · model-written summary
The chalazal megaspore is functional and all other megaspores of the tetrad degenerate.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Outcome
- chalazal megasporee1
- Qualifier
- functional; all others will degeneratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“the chalazal megaspore is functional; all others will degenerate”
Claim · model-written summary
The functional megaspore appears least dense among the cells of the tetrad.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Outcome
- functional megasporee1
- Direction
- least densee1
- Comparator
- cells of the tetrade1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“The functional megaspore appears least dense among the cells of the tetrad and seldom contains vacuoles”
Claim · model-written summary
The functional megaspore seldom contains vacuoles.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- functional megasporee1
- Outcome
- vacuolese1
- Qualifier
- seldom containse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“The functional megaspore appears least dense among the cells of the tetrad and seldom contains vacuoles”
Claim · model-written summary
As the megaspore enlarges, the organelles and the cytoplasmic density increase.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- megasporee1
- Outcome
- organelles and the cytoplasmic densitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- As the megaspore enlargese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“As the megaspore enlarges, the organelles and the cytoplasmic density increase”
Claim · model-written summary
The callose wall of the enlarging megaspore is gradually digested.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Outcome
- callose walle1
- Qualifier
- gradually digestede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“the callose wall is gradually digested”
Claim · model-written summary
An electron-dense wall appears around the enlarging megaspore.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Outcome
- electron-dense walle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“and a electron-dense wall appears”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuoles in the megaspore are randomly distributed and then gradually migrate to both poles.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- megasporee1
- Outcome
- vacuolese1
- Qualifier
- randomly distributed and then gradually migrate to both polese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“The vacuoles are randomly distributed and then gradually migrate to both poles of the megaspore”
Claim · model-written summary
In a well-developed megaspore most plastids and dictyosomes are distributed in the micropylar region.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- well-developed megasporee1
- Outcome
- plastids and dictyosomese1
- Qualifier
- micropylar regione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“A well-developed megaspore shows organelle polarity such that most plastids and dictyosomes are distributed in the micropylar region”
Claim · model-written summary
Polarized dictyosome and plastid distributions persist through the two- and four-nucleate embryo sac stages, respectively.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- embryo sace1
- Outcome
- polarized dictyosome and plastid distributionse1
- Qualifier
- two- and four-nucleate stage of the embryo sac, respectivelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“The polarized dictyosome and plastid distributions persist through the two- and four-nucleate stage of the embryo sac, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The two- and four-nucleate embryo sac has large central and chalazal vacuoles.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- two- and four-nucleate embryo sace1
- Outcome
- large central and chalazal vacuolese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“The two- and four-nucleate embryo sac is characterized by the presence of large central and chalazal vacuoles”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasmodesmata persist in the chalazal wall through megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis to the four-nucleate stage.
- Taxon
- Arundo formosanaArundo formosanae0
- Organ / stage
- chalazal walle1
- Outcome
- Plasmodesmatae1
- Qualifier
- during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis to the four-nucleate stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ovule of Arundo formosana Hack. is tenuinucellate”
e1“Plasmodesmata persist in the chalazal wall during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis to the four-nucleate stage”