Abstract
Abstract Low soil water contents may be involved in the lack of success of soybean inoculation in southeastern U.S. soils having high indigenous populations of Rhizobium japonicum . This study was conducted to assess the effect of soil water on the inoculation, biomass, N accumulation, and yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. ‘Bragg’ soybeans were inoculated with 10 8 cells/cm row of R. japonicum (strain 110) and grown under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions on a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Paleudult) in a split plot design. Rainfall maintained the surface soil above −250 mb matric potential until the late flowering stage of growth. Subsequently, a seasonal drought created treatment differences between irrigated and nonirrigated plots resulting in a twofold increase in seed yield due to irrigation (3,160 vs. 1,682 kg/ha). Inoculation increased the percentage infection by strain 110 from practically 0% background to about 20%. Inoculation increased growth and total N accumulation in pods, petioles, and leaves of Bragg soybeans under irrigated conditions. Under nonirrigated conditions, the increased infection of strain 110 appeared to induced a negative response in the vegetative growth of Bragg soybeans. Nitrogen concentration was also significantly lower in the leaves and pods of nonirrigatedinoculated plants. These differences were not observed in N content of the mature seed, and inoculation did not significantly affect seed yield. These findings indicate that R. japonicum strain ✕ environment interactions may be important for soybean growth and yield in the southeast United States.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased seed yield of Bragg soybean relative to nonirrigated plots, to 3,160 versus 1,682 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- irrigatione1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 3,160 vs. 1,682 kg/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“a twofold increase in seed yield due to irrigation (3,160 vs. 1,682 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with R. japonicum strain 110 increased the percentage infection from about 0% background to about 20%.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione2
- Interactor
- R. japonicume3symbiont
- Outcome
- percentage infection by strain 110e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- about 20%e2
- Comparator
- 0% backgrounde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e2“Inoculation increased the percentage infection by strain 110 from practically 0% background to about 20%”
e3“inoculated with 10 8 cells/cm row of R. japonicum (strain 110)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased growth and total N accumulation in pods, petioles and leaves of irrigated Bragg soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- pods, petioles, and leavese4
- Treatment
- Inoculatione4
- Interactor
- R. japonicume3symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and total N accumulatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- irrigated conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e3“inoculated with 10 8 cells/cm row of R. japonicum (strain 110)”
e4“Inoculation increased growth and total N accumulation in pods, petioles, and leaves of Bragg soybeans under irrigated conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nonirrigated conditions, increased infection by strain 110 appeared to produce a negative response in vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- the increased infection of strain 110e5
- Interactor
- strain 110e5symbiont
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe5
- Direction
- negative responsee5
- Setting
- nonirrigated conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e5“Under nonirrigated conditions, the increased infection of strain 110 appeared to induced a negative response in the vegetative growth of Bragg soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nonirrigated conditions, inoculated plants had significantly lower nitrogen concentration in leaves and pods.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and podse6
- Treatment
- inoculatede6
- Interactor
- R. japonicume3symbiont
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentratione6
- Direction
- significantly lowere6
- Setting
- nonirrigatede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e3“inoculated with 10 8 cells/cm row of R. japonicum (strain 110)”
e6“Nitrogen concentration was also significantly lower in the leaves and pods of nonirrigatedinoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The differences in leaf and pod N concentration were not observed in the N content of mature seed.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- N content of the mature seede7
- Direction
- not observede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e7“These differences were not observed in N content of the mature seed, and inoculation did not significantly affect seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not significantly affect seed yield.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculatione7
- Outcome
- seed yielde7
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e7“These differences were not observed in N content of the mature seed, and inoculation did not significantly affect seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain by environment interactions may be important for soybean growth and yield.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- R. japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and yielde1
- Qualifier
- strain ✕ environment interactionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“R. japonicum strain ✕ environment interactions may be important for soybean growth and yield”
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