Abstract
Abstract Use of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) regrowth to extend the grazing season into late fall and winter is becoming increasingly popular in middle‐latitude regions of the USA. Few studies have been reported, however, that deal with factors influencing yield and quality of regrowth forage in winter. A field study was begun in October of 1971 to measure the effects of N, P, and K fertilization on yield and quality of tall fescue regrowth in late fall and winter. Eight fertility regimes were established in each of four replications. These were: 1) N applied at 60 kg/ha in spring and after each of three summer harvests, 2) P applied at 30 kg/ha in spring and in late summer, 3) K applied at 60 kg/ha in spring and in late summer, 4) to 7) the four possible combinations of the above three treatments, and 8) no fertilizer treatment. Forage from all plots was harvested in mid‐May, early July, and mid‐August and then in either mid‐December or mid‐January. In 1971 when the experiment began, all plots were harvested on 9 October rather than mid‐August and then in either mid‐December or mid‐January. Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca. Yield and concentration of quality components decreased less in N fertilized forage than in unfertilized and P and K fertilized forage as harvest was delayed from December to January. Phosphorus fertilization had little effect upon yield and quality components. Potassium fertilization decreased both Ca and Mg concentrations. Results suggest that winter forages of sufficient quality to meet most of the nutritional needs of many classes of livestock in mid‐latitude regions of the U.S. may be obtained by manipulating summer and/or fall harvest dates and fertilization rates. Supplementation of regrowth forage with Na and Mg and possibly with P during late winter months would be required.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased yield in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased in vitro digestible dry matter in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- in vitro digestible dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased total nonstructural carbohydrate in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- total nonstructural carbohydratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased K in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased Mg in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased N in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization decreased dry matter concentration in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization decreased Ca concentration in late fall and winter harvested tall fescue forage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter, total nonstructural carbohydrate, K, Mg, and N in the late fall and winter harvested forage and decreased concentrations of dry matter and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield declined less in N fertilized forage than in unfertilized and P and K fertilized forage from December to January.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- N fertilizede0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- decreased lesse0
- Comparator
- unfertilized and P and K fertilizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Yield and concentration of quality components decreased less in N fertilized forage than in unfertilized and P and K fertilized forage as harvest was delayed from December to January.”
Claim · model-written summary
concentration of quality components declined less in N fertilized forage than in unfertilized and P and K fertilized forage from December to January.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- foragee0
- Treatment
- N fertilizede0
- Outcome
- concentration of quality componentse0
- Direction
- decreased lesse0
- Comparator
- unfertilized and P and K fertilizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Yield and concentration of quality components decreased less in N fertilized forage than in unfertilized and P and K fertilized forage as harvest was delayed from December to January.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilization had little effect on tall fescue yield and quality components.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yield and quality componentse0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Phosphorus fertilization had little effect upon yield and quality components.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization decreased Ca concentration in tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Potassium fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Potassium fertilization decreased both Ca and Mg concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization decreased Mg concentration in tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Potassium fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Potassium fertilization decreased both Ca and Mg concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest manipulating summer or fall harvest dates and fertilization rates to obtain winter forage of adequate quality.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- manipulating summer and/or fall harvest dates and fertilization ratese0
- Outcome
- winter forages of sufficient qualitye0
- Setting
- mid‐latitude regions of the U.S.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Results suggest that winter forages of sufficient quality to meet most of the nutritional needs of many classes of livestock in mid‐latitude regions of the U.S. may be obtained by manipulating summer and/or fall harvest dates and fertilization rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Na and Mg supplementation, possibly with P, for regrowth forage in late winter.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- Supplementation of regrowth forage with Na and Mg and possibly with Pe0
- Qualifier
- during late winter monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e0“Supplementation of regrowth forage with Na and Mg and possibly with P during late winter months would be required.”
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